Joints Flashcards
What are the three types of joints?
Fixed (immovable), slightly moveable (cartilaginous), freel moveable (synovial)
What amount of movement do Fixed Joints allow?
None! The clue is in the name: Immovable joints are fixed joints.
What is an example of a Fixed Joint?
Joints of the skull or sacrum
What is the function of a Fixed joint?
Protection
How much movement does a Cartilaginous Joint allow?
Only slight movement. The clue is in the name: cartilaginous joints are slightly moveable joints.
What are some examples of Cartilaginous Joints?
The joints between your vertebrae in your spine.
What amount of movement do Synovial Joints allow?
Lots. They are also known as Freely Moveable Joints and have the greatest range of movement.
What’s an example of a synovial joint?
Knee Joint
Which type of joint is used in most sporting actions?
Synovial Joints
What are the 7 main elements of a synovial joint?
(1) Ligament,
(2) Synovial Fluid,
(3) Bone Ends (which are covered with Articular or Hyaline Cartilage),
(4) Bursa,
(5) Joint Synovial Capsule (which includes the Synovial Membrane and Fibrous Capsule),
(6) Tendon,
(7) Bone Ends
Which type of joint allows the most movement?
Synovial
What are the 6 types of Freely Moveable (Synovial) Joints?
(1) Pivot,
(2) Ball and Socket,
(3) Hinge,
(4) Condyloid,
(5) Gliding,
(6) Saddle
What is an example of a Synovial Joint: Pivot?
Cervical Vertebrae in the neck
What is an example of a Synovial Joint: Hinge?
Elbow Joints and Knee Joints
What is an example of a Synovial Joint: Condyloid
Wrist
What is an example of a Synovial Joint: Ball and Socket?
Shoulder Joints and Hip Joints
What is an example of a Synovial Joint: Saddle?
Carpometacarpal Joint of the thumb
What is an example of a Synovial Joint: Gliding?
Intercarpal Joints in the hand and Intertarsal Joints in the foot.
The Cervical Vertebrae in the neck is an example of what type of Joint? In your answer, say both the main category of joints and the subcategory of joints.
Synovial Joint: Pivot
An Elbow Joint is an example of what type of Joint? In your answer, say both the main category of joints and the subcategory of joints.
Synovial Joint: Hinge
A Wrist Joint is an example of what type of Joint? In your answer, say both the main category of joints and the subcategory of joints.
Synovial Joint: Condyloid
A Hip Joint is an example of what type of Joint? In your answer, say both the main category of joints and the subcategory of joints.
Synovial Joint: Ball and Socket
The Carpometacarpal Joint of the thumb is an example of what type of Joint? In your answer, say both the main category of joints and the subcategory of joints.
Synovial Joint: Saddle
Intercarpal Joints in the hand is an example of what type of Joint? In your answer, say both the main category of joints and the subcategory of joints.
Synovial Joint: Gliding
Intertarsal Joints in the foot is an example of what type of Joint? In your answer, say both the main category of joints and the subcategory of joints.
Synovial Joint: Gliding
A Knee Joint is an example of what type of Joint? In your answer, say both the main category of joints and the subcategory of joints.
Synovial Joint: Hinge
A Wrist Joint is an example of what type of Joint? In your answer, say both the main category of joints and the subcategory of joints.
Synovial Joint: Ball and Socket
What is the purpose of synovial fluid?
To fill the joint capsule and lubricate and nourish the joint.
Which element of the synovial joint structure is a fluid filled sac between the tendon and the bone that helps to reduce friction?
Bursa
Which element of the synovial joint structure encases the joint, consists of the synovial membrane and fibrous capule and helps to protect the joint?
Joint Synovial Capsule
Which element of the synovial joint structure are white, fibrous cords of tissue that attach muscle to bone, are very strong (made of collagen) and are found towards the end of muscle tissue?
Tendon
Which element of the synovial joint structure is tough, connective tissue that joins bone to bone and holds the bones together?
Ligament
Which element of the synovial joint structure is made up of tough, tightly packed elastic fibres that can withstand sudden stresses and provide strength to prevent injuries such as dislocations?
Ligament
Which element of the synovial joint structure acts as a lining for the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid? (This element is one of the two, main parts of the Joint Synovial Capsule.)
Synovial Membrane
What are the two, main parts of the Joint Synovial Capsule?
Synovial Membrane and the Fibrous Capsule
What are covered with slippery hyaline (or articular) cartilage to allow the bone to move smoothly with little friction?
Bone Ends
Which elements of the synovial joint structure helps to reduce friction and why?
Bursa, because it is a fluid-filled sac
Which element of the synovial joint structure and its two components help to protect the joint?
Joint synovial capsule
Which element of the synovial joint structure attaches muscle to bone?
Tendon
Which element of the synovial joint structure holds bones together?
Tendon
Which element of the synovial joint structure is made of tough, elastic fibres that can withstand sudden stresses?
Ligament
Which element of the synovial joint structure provides strength to prevent injuries such as dislocations?
Ligament
In which element of the synovial joint structure is synovial fluid produced?
Synovial Membrane
Tendons and Ligaments are two type of connective tissue found in joints. What is a third type?
Cartilage
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Fibrocartilage, Hyaline (articular) Cartilage, Elastic Cartilage
What is another name for Hyaline Cartilage?
Articular Cartilage
What is another name for Articular Cartilage?
Hyaline Cartilage
Where are two places that Fibrocartilage can be found?
In tendons, In intervertebral discs of the vertebral column.
What is the function of Fibrocartilage? Make sure to say what it does and what material it is made out of.
Fibrocartilage acts as a shock absorber. It is good at this because it contains collagen fibres which are a tough material.
Where are the 3 main places where Hyaline/Articular Cartilage can be found?
Articulating surface of bones, Trachea (in the throat), Bronchi (in the lungs)
What are the 4 main functions of Hyaline/Articular Cartilage?
(1) Smooth joint MOVEMENT,
(2) PROTECTS bones in the joints from WEAR AND TEAR, (3) SHOCK ABSORBER,
(4) SUPPORT for your weight when you move.
Which element of the synovial joint structure is a fluid-filled sac?
Bursa
Which element of the synovial joint structure lubricates and nourishes the joint?
Synovial fluid
Which type and subtype of connective tissue allows bones to move freely with little friction?
Cartilage, specifically hyaline/articular cartilage
The bursa is located between what and what?
Tendon and Bone
Which tissues join bone to bone at a joint?
Ligament
What are the 6 types of joint movements that all BALL AND SOCKET joints can do? What are the 2 types of joint movements that the shoulder can do in addition to the 6?
Movements of All Ball and Socket joints (1) Flexion (2) Extension (3) Abduction (4) Adduction (5) Rotation (6) Circumduction Additional movements for Shoulder (which is a ball and socket joint) only: (1) Elevation (2) Depression
What are the 2 types of joint movements that hinge joints can do?
(1) Flexion
(2) Extension
What are the 2 types of joint movements at the ankle that involve bending the foot downwards and upwards?
(1) Plantarflexion (downwards)
2) Dorsiflexion (upwards
What type of joint movement is it when the angle at a joint decreases?
Flexion
What type of joint movement is it when the angle at a joint increases?
Extension
In which 2 types of joint does flexion occur?
Hinge Joints and Ball and Socket joints
In which 2 types of joint does extension occur?
Hinge Joints and Ball and Socket joints
FLEXION: Give an example of a sport and a skill in that sport and a joint where flexion occurs. Also describe what happens to body parts on either side of the joint.
Football, at the knee, preparing to kick a ball. As the ANGLE DECREASES as it does in FLEXION movement, the LOWER part of the LEG, gets CLOSER to the UPPER part of the LEG. Visualise your leg moving and it becomes common sense!
EXTENSION: Give an example of a sport and a skill in that sport and a joint where extension occurs. Also describe what happens to body parts on either side of the joint.
Football, at the knee, following through after kicking a ball. As the ANGLE INCREASES as it does in EXTENSION movement, the LOWER part of the LEG, gets FURTHER AWAY from the UPPER part of the LEG. Visualise your leg moving and it becomes common sense!
What happens to the bones that form a joint when FLEXION occurs? Also say what happens to the ANGLE at the joint.
When FLEXION occurs, the angle at the joint DECREASES which means that the bones in the joint move CLOSER TOGETHER.
What happens to the bones that form a joint when EXTENSION occurs? Also say what happens to the ANGLE at the joint.
When EXTENSION occurs, the angle at the joint INCREASES which means that the bones in the joint move AWAY FROM EACH OTHER.
What does range of movement mean? Give an example.
Range of movement means that there is more than one type of movement. For example, the range of movement at the elbow is flexion to extension.
What type of movement is the movement of a limb away from the body?
Abduction
What type of movement is the movement of a limb towards the body?
Adduction
What type of movement is when the bone at a joint moves around its own axis (single axis) in a circular movement?
Rotation. Be careful not to confuse with circumduction which is the combination of 4 types of movement and therefore along MORE THAN 1 axis. Rotation occurs on ONE AXIS, only.
What type of joint is a circular movement that is the combination of several types of movement?
Circumduction
In which type of joint does ABDUCTION occur?
Ball and Socket
In which type of joint does ADDUCTION occur?
Ball and Socket
In which type of joint does ROTATION occur?
Ball and Socket
In which type of joint does CIRCUMDUCTION occur?
Ball and Socket
Give an example of a sport, the joint, and a skill in that sport where ABDUCTION happens.
Netball or Basketball, shoulder, reaching out sideways to intercept the ball
Give an example of a sport, the joint, and a skill in that sport where ADDUCTION happens.
Javelin, hip, cross-over leg action when throwing
Give an example of a sport, the joint, and a skill in that sport where ROTATION happens.
Swimming, shoulder, arm rotating forward
Give an example of a sport, the joint, and a skill in that sport where CIRCUMDUCTION happens.
Cricket; shoulder, bowling
What type of movement is the bending of the foot downwards away from the tibia?
Plantarflexion
What type of movement is the bending of the foot upwards away from the tibia?
Dorsiflexion
At which joint does PLANTARFLEXION occur?
The ankle
At which joint does DORSIFLEXION occur?
The ankle
Give an example of an action in a sport that involves PLANTARFLEXION.
Football; Striking ball with instep
Give an example of an action in a sport that involves DORSIFLEXION.
Football, Bending the foot upwards to trap the ball with the side of your boot.
At which joint does ELEVATION occur?
The shoulder
At which joint does DEPRESSION occur?
The shoulder
ELEVATION and DEPRESSION are two types of joint movements that occur in which TYPE of joint. (Say the TYPE, not the joint itself.)
Ball and socket. (Specifically the shoulder.)
What range of movement can happen at the ankle?
PLANTARFLEXION and DORSIFLEXION. Remember: RANGE OF MOVEMENT discussions have to have two or more types of joint movements in order for it to be a ‘range’.
Give an example of an action in a sport that involves ELEVATION and DEPRESSION.
Weightlifting. Standing up, holding the free weights or bar weight at your shoulder. Press up so that arms are straight up uses ELEVATION of the shoulder joint, and bringing it back down uses DEPRESSION of the shoulder joint.
Analyse the joint movements and joints during a flying volley in football. The names of the muscles involved have been provided.
Biceps _________ the arm at the _______.
Deltoids __________ the __________.
Erector spinae __________ the __________.
Hamstrings ________ the leg at the ________.
Gastrocnemius ________________ the foot at the ______ and assists the hamstrings in __________ the leg at the ______.
Soleus ______________ the ______ when the knee is in flexion.
Gluteus maximus _________ the leg at the ______.
Biceps FLEX the arm at the ELBOW.
Deltoids ABDUCT the SHOULDER.
Erector spinae EXTENDS the SPINE.
Hamstrings FLEX the leg at the KNEE.
Gastrocnemius PLANTARFLEXES the foot at the ANKLE and assists the hamstrings in FLEXING the leg at the KNEE.
Soleus PLANTARFLEXES the foot at the ANKLE when the knee is in flexion.
Gluteus maximus EXTENDS the leg at the HIP.
Analyse the joint movements and joints during a pike dive. The names of the muscles involved have been provided.
Trapezius ________ the __________.
Deltoids __________ the __________.
Triceps __________ the arm.
Abdominals and obliques _______ the ______.
Pectorials ______ the arms horizontally.
Quadriceps ______ the legs at the _____ and assist in hip ________.
Gastrocenemius ____________ the _______.
Trapezius ELEVATES the SHOULDER. Deltoids FLEX the SHOULDER. Triceps EXTEND the arm. Abdominals and obliques FLEX the SPINE. Pectorials FLEX the arms horizontally. Quadriceps EXTEND the legs at the KNEE and assist in hip FLEXION. Gastrocenemius PLANTARFLEXES the ANKLE.
