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BTEC Sports Unit 7 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the Atria?

A

Pumps blood FROM the heart.

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2
Q

What is the function of the Valves?

A

Prevents blood from flowing backwards.

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3
Q

What is the function of the Septum?

A

Separates the two sides of the heart.

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4
Q

What is the function of the Coronary Artery?

A

Supplies heart muscle with OXYGENATED blood.

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5
Q

What is the function of the Pulmonary Artery?

A

Carries DEOXYGENATED blood TO the LUNGS to allow it to be RE-OXYGENATED.

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6
Q

What is the function of the Pulmonary Veins?

A

Carries OXYGENATED blood BACK TO the HEART FROM the lungs.

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7
Q

What is the function of the Aorta?

A

Carries OXYGENATED blood AWAY FROM the HEART (left ventricle) TOWARDS the rest of the body.

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8
Q

What is the function of the Vena Cava?

A

Carries DEOXYGENATED blood BACK INTO the HEART (right atrium) FROM the body.

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9
Q

What is another name for ‘cardiovascular system’?

A

Circulatory System.

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10
Q

What is another name for ‘circulatory system’?

A

Cardiovascular System.

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11
Q

Which part of the circulatory system: Pumps blood FROM the heart?

A

Atria

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12
Q

Which part of the circulatory system: Prevents blood from flowing backwards?

A

Valves

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13
Q

Which part of the circulatory system: Separates the two sides of the heart?

A

Septum

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14
Q

Which part of the circulatory system: Supplies heart muscle with OXYGENATED blood?

A

Coronary Artery

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15
Q

Which part of the circulatory system: Carries DEOXYGENATED blood TO the LUNGS to allow it to be RE-OXYGENATED?

A

Pulmonary Artery

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16
Q

Which part of the circulatory system: Carries OXYGENATED blood BACK TO the HEART FROM the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Veins

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17
Q

Which part of the circulatory system: Carries OXYGENATED blood AWAY FROM the HEART (left ventricle) TOWARDS the rest of the body?

A

Aorta

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18
Q

Which part of the circulatory system: Carries DEOXYGENATED blood BACK INTO the HEART (right atrium) FROM the body?

A

Vena Cava

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19
Q

What is the function of an ARTERY?

A

To carry OXYGENATED blood AWAY FROM the HEART (except the pulmonary artery).

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20
Q

What is the function of an ARTERY?

A

To carry OXYGENATED blood AWAY FROM the HEART (except the pulmonary artery).

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21
Q

The function of ARTERIES is to carry OXYGENATED blood AWAY FROM the heart. One ARTERY is an exception to this rule. What is it and what does it do?

A

PULMONARY ARTERY. Carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the HEART to the LUNGS.

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22
Q

What type of walls do ARTERIES have?

A

ARTERIES have thick, muscular and elastic walls.

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23
Q

Do ARTERIES have a small or large internal diameter? Why?

A

ARTERIES have a SMALL internal diameter so that blood can flow under high pressure.

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24
Q

What type of blood vessel carries OXYGENATED blood AWAY from the HEART?

A

ARTERIES (Except the pulmonary artery).

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25
Q

What type of blood vessel carries OXYGENATED blood AWAY from the HEART?

A

ARTERIES (Except the pulmonary artery).

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26
Q

What are two features of the structure of ARTERIES? What function does this structure support?

A

(1) ARTERIES have thick, muscular and elastic walls.
(2) ARTERIES have a SMALL internal diameter
ARTERIES are structured in this way so that blood can flow under high pressure.

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27
Q

What type of blood vessel connects ARTERIES to CAPILLARIES?

A

ARTERIOLES connect ARTERIES to CAPILLARIES.

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28
Q

What is the size of a CAPILLARY?

A

CAPILLARIES are VERY SMALL – only one cell thick.

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29
Q

What is the function of the CAPILLARIES?

A

To exchange helpful substances for waste products (oxygen for carbon dioxide; nutrients for waste products.

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30
Q

What is the function of a VEIN?

A

VEINS carry DEOXYGENATED blood FROM the body to the HEART (except pulmonary veins)

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31
Q

What is the function of a VEIN?

A

VEINS carry DEOXYGENATED blood FROM the body to the HEART (except pulmonary veins)

32
Q

What type of walls do VEINS have?

A

Thin walls.

33
Q

Do VEINS have a small or large internal diameter? Why?

A

Larger internal diameter to allow blood to flow under LOW pressure.

34
Q

What type of blood vessel carries OXYGENATED blood FROM the LUNGS back to the HEART?

A

Pulmonary vein

35
Q

What are two features of the structure of VEINS? What function does this structure support?

A

(1) VEINS have THIN walls.
(2) VEINS have a LARGER internal diameter
VEINS are structured in this way so that blood can flow under low pressure.

36
Q

What type of blood vessel connects CAPILLARIES to VEINS?

A

VENULES connect CAPILLARIES to VEINS.

37
Q

Which two types of blood vessels do VENULES connect?

A

VENULES connect CAPILLARIES to VEINS.

38
Q

What structure within a VEIN helps VENOUS RETURN?

A

VALVES help VENOUS RETURN.

39
Q

What structure within a VEIN prevents blood BACKFLOW?

A

VALVES prevent backflow.

40
Q

What structure within a VEIN prevents blood BACKFLOW?

A

VALVES prevent blood backflow.

41
Q

What are the 2 main functions of a VALVE?

A

VALVES:

(1) Prevent blood backflow
(2) Help VENOUS RETURN

42
Q

What is VENOUS RETURN?

A

VENOUS RETURN is the rate of blood flow back to the heart.

43
Q

What is a VENULE?

A

A VENULE is a small vein that connects capillaries to veins.

44
Q

What are the 5 types of blood vessels?

A

(1) Artery
(2) Arteriole
(3) Capillary
(4) Venule
(5) Vein

45
Q

Describe two characteristics of a vein that differs from the structure of an artery.

A

Veins have thin walls while arteries have thick, muscular, elastic walls. Veins have a larger internal diameter whereas arteries have a small, internal diameter.

46
Q

Capillaries carry blood from arteries to veins by connecting which two types of blood vessels?

A

Arterioles and Venules

47
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the cardiovascular (circulatory) system?

A

(1) Circulation and Transport
(2) Protection
(3) Clotting
(4) Temperature regulation

48
Q

CIRCULATION and TRANSPORT: Which 2 substances are transported in the blood AWAY FROM vital organs and muscles?

A

Waste products and carbon dioxide.

49
Q

CIRCULATION and TRANSPORT: Which substances are transported through the blood?

A

Oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, waste products, hormones

50
Q

CIRCULATION and TRANSPORT: What specific part of the blood transports oxygen and where does it go?

A

Red blood cells transport OXYGEN to vital organs and muscles.

51
Q

What are vital organs?

A

The main organs inside the body that are necessary for life. Heart, Brain, Lungs

52
Q

What is the waste product created during respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide

53
Q

CIRCULATION and TRANSPORT: Why do muscles need oxygen?

A

To produce energy

54
Q

PROTECTION: What part of the blood plays a major role in keeping the body healthy?

A

White blood cells

55
Q

PROTECTION: What part of the blood plays a major role in keeping the body healthy by producing antibodies that fight infection and diseases?

A

White blood cells

56
Q

What function of the cardiovascular system do white blood cells assist?

A

They PROTECT the body and keep it healthy by producing antibodies.

57
Q

What role do PLATELETS in the blood have?

A

If the body is injured, platelets form a clot and seal the cut or damaged area to prevent further blood loss and to prevent bacteria from entering the cut.

58
Q

What are the 4 things that blood is made up of?

A

(1) red blood cells
(2) white blood cells
(3) platelets
(4) plasma

59
Q

What does red blood cells TRANSPORT?

A

Oxygen

60
Q

What is PLASMA and what is its function?

A

It is a clear fluid that carries nutrients, CO2 and other waste.

61
Q

What particular part of the blood carries nutrients, carbon dioxide and waste products (in addition to CO2)?

A

Platelets.

62
Q

Blood helps the body maintain what body temperature?

A

37 degrees C

63
Q

How does the blood help the body to maintain a constant temperature?

A

The blood absorbs heat created by internal organs and transports it around the body to maintain a constant termperature.

64
Q

If someone cuts themselves, their blood _____to prevent further blood ______ and ________ the cut.

A

CLOTS, LOSS, SEALS

65
Q

What is the name of the process that enables the cardiovascular system’s ability to maintain a constant internal temperature of 37 degrees C?

A

Thermoregulation

66
Q

THERMOREGULATION when it is cold: Which two body features provide insulation for the body?

A

Skin and Subcutaneous Fat.

67
Q

What role does SKIN have in THERMOREGULATION?

A

It acts as an insulator against cold and it allows sweat to escape to keep the body cool when it gets hot.

68
Q

What role does SUBCUTANEOUS FAT have in THERMOREGULATION?

A

It acts as an insulator for the body when the temperature drops.

69
Q

How does the body react when there is a drop in temperature?

A

As a first line of defence, the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS FAT act as insulators.
ARTERIOLES under the surface of the skin constrict (get more narrow) so that blood doesn’t flow through the vessels under the skin, which prevents loss of heat through the process of RADIATION.

70
Q

How does the body react when there is a decrease in temperature?

A
  • As a first line of defence, the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS FAT act as insulators.
  • ARTERIOLES under the surface of the skin constrict (get more narrow) so that blood doesn’t flow through the vessels under the skin, which prevents loss of heat through RADIATION. This process of arterioles constricting is called VASOCONSTRICTION.
  • The body starts to SHIVER which makes the muscles contract, which generates HEAT and warms up the body.
71
Q

What is the role of VASOCONSTRICTION in thermoregulation? How does it work?

A

The purpose of VASOCONSTRICTION is to warm the body when it gets cold. “VAS” refers to blood vessels, and “CONSTRICT” means to become more narrow, so the clue is in the name: the ARTERIOLES under the skin constrict so that blood cannot pass through, which prevents heat from being lost via RADIATION.

72
Q

What is the role of SHIVERING in thermoregulation? How does it work?

A

The body starts to shiver when it gets very cold because shivering makes the muscles contract and generate heat which in turn causes an increase in body heat.

73
Q

What is the role of VASODILATION in thermoregulation? How does it work?

A

The purpose of VASODILATION is to warm the body when it gets cold. “VAS” refers to blood vessels, and “DILATE” means to become wider, so the clue is in the name: the ARTERIOLES under the skin dilate so that more blood can pass through which makes it easier for heat to be lost from the body via RADIATION.

74
Q

What is the role of SWEATING in thermoregulation? How does it work?

A

SWEAT cools the body when it is hot by evaporating through the skin. SWEAT is produced by sweat glands

75
Q

How does the body react when there is an increase in temperature?

A
  • ARTERIOLES under the surface of the skin dilate (become wider) so that more blood flows through the vessels near the surface of the skin, which allows more heat to be lost through RADIATION. This process of arterioles dilating is called VASODILATION.
  • The body starts to SHIVER which makes the muscles contract, which generates HEAT and warms up the body.

BTEC Sports Unit 7 (9 decks)

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