Joints Flashcards
Joints are also called what and their two functions include what?
Articulations and support and movement
Skeletal muscles do what to joints to achieve movement?
Cross over them
Joints can be classified by their structure or function and a more mobile joint means it’s less what?
Stable
What does the synovial fluid inside the joint cavity do?
Provide lubrication
What type of joint is slightly moveable usually and connected by cartilage tissue? What is an example?
Cartilaginous, pubic symphysis
Synchondroses and symphyses are the two types of what joints?
Cartilaginous joints
What type of joint is connected by fibrous connective tissue and is immovable? What is an example?
Fibrous, skull sutures
All synovial joints contain a what joint cavity?
Fluid-filled
What type of joint is connected at a joint cavity within a capsule and usually freely moveable?
Synovial joints
Synchondroses are bones joined by what type of cartilage? What are two examples?
Hyaline cartilage, costochondral joints and epiphyseal plates
Symphyses are what type of cartilage between articulating bones? What are two examples?
Fibrocartilage, pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints
Diarthroses are what type of joint?
Freely moveable
The three layers from superficial to deep in joints are what?
Articular capsule, ligament, then articular cartilage
What two things help reduce friction?
Bursae and tendon sheaths
What type of joint allows for the two articulating bones to glide past each other?
Plane joint
What is a saclike structure with synovial fluid?
Bursae
What is an example of a plane joint?
Between the carpal and tarsal bones
Which joint allows for flexion and extension?
Hinge joint
The elbow joint, interphalangeal joints, and knee joints are examples of what type of joint?
Hinge joint
What type of joint allows for rotation?
Pivot joint
The atlantoaxial joint and proximal radioulnar joint are what type of joint?
Pivot joints
The shoulder joints and hip joint are examples of what type of joint?
Ball and socket joints
The metacarpophalangeal joints or the knuckles are an example of what type of joint?
Condylar joints
What type of joint is where one surface has a convex surface and the other has a concave surface?
Condyloid joint
What joint is the largest and most complex joint that also tends to act as a hinge joint but can slightly rotate?
Knee joint
What type of joint is very flexible and allows for flexion/extension, rotation, and adduction/abduction?
Ball and socket joint
While three ligaments connect the femur and tibia, which one connects the femur and fibula?
The lateral collateral ligament
What joint is technically two condylar joints?
Knee joint
What prevents side to side rocking of the femur on the tibia and help even out the weight distribution and stabilize the joint?
The lateral and medical meniscus
What is it called when the medial meniscus, medial collateral ligament, and anterior cruciate ligament are torn/damaged?
Unhappy Triad
What joint is divided by meniscus into superior and inferior compartments?
The temperomandibular joint
The hip joint is known as the what joint?
Coxal joint
What is it called when you decrease the angle between two articulating bones?
Flexion
What joint dislocated very easily?
Glenohumeral or shoulder joint
The superior compartment of the TMJ allows for what while the inferior compartment is what type of joint?
Gliding and hinge
The most common form of arthritis in the knee is what?
Osteoarthritis
What is it called when you increase the angle between two articulating bones?
Extension
What is it called when you move away from the midline?
Abduction
What is it called when you move toward the midline?
Adduction
What type of movement includes flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction?
Circumduction
What type of movements refer to the mandible?
Elevation and depression
What type of movement is when you move something across a single axis?
Rotation
What types of movement are referred to with the scapula and mandible?
Retraction and protraction
What types of movement are used with the forearm?
Pronation and supination
What type of movement pulls something posteriorly?
Retraction
What type of movement pulls something anteriorly?
Protraction
What type of movement has the radius cross over the ulna?
Pronation
What type of movement is used in reference to the thumb?
Opposition
What type of movement is when you move the sole of your foot to the midline?
Inversion
What type of movement is when you touch the surface of your thumb to other fingers?
Opposition
What types of movement are used to describe the foot?
Inversion/eversion and dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
What type of movement is when you move the sole of your foot laterally?
Eversion
What type of movement is when the sole is brought upwards?
Dorsiflexion
What type of movement is when you point your toes?
Plantarflexion
