Introduction to the Muscles Flashcards
What type of muscle cell pulls on the bones of the skeleton?
Skeletal muscle
What type of muscle cell is located only in the heart and pushes blood through the circulatory system?
Cardiac muscle
What type of muscle cell pushes fluids and solids along the digestive tract and regulates the diameters of small arteries?
Smooth muscle
What type of muscle is striated and voluntary?
Skeletal muscle
What type of muscle is not striated and voluntary?
Smooth muscle
What type of muscle is striated, involuntary, has a y-shape, and has intercalated discs?
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle functions to support, produce what, maintain what, generate what, and storage and movement of what?
Movement, posture, heat, and materials
Contractility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity are the four properties of what muscle?
Skeletal muscle
Connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels are included along with skeletal muscle tissue in what type of muscle?
Skeletal muscle
In muscle, a bundle of what makes what, which then bundled will make what?
Muscle fibers, fascicle, and muscle
What is a sheet of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscles, as well as groups of muscles with the same action?
Deep fascia
What surrounds “individual” muscles, separating individual muscles?
Epimysium
What surrounds the muscle fibers within a fascicle?
Endomysium
What surrounds each fascicle and divides skeletal muscle into compartments?
Perimysium
What fascicle orientation has fascicles that run parallel to the long axis of the muscle, tapered at both ends, strap, and has a high endurance but isn’t very strong?
Parallel
What fascicle orientation is a sphincter, closes when they contract, and surrounds external body openings?
Circular
What fascicle orientation’s direction of pull can be changed because different groups of fibers can be activated with a broad origin and narrow insertion?
Convergent
What fascicle orientation has short fascicles, attach obliquely to a tendon or raphe, and stronger than a parallel fascicle of the same size?
Pennate
What is an example of unipennate?
Extensor digitorum longus
What is an example of bipennate?
Rectus femoris
What is an example of multipennate?
Deltoid
When muscle is attached to bone indirectly, what are the two ways it can be attached by?
Tendon and aponeurosis
Are muscles in a single compartment normally innervated by one nerve or multiple?
One nerve
Muscles in the same compartment tend to be what, which is that they do the same action?
Synergistic
Muscles in opposite compartments tend to be what?
Antagonistic
Acute compartment syndrome is from what or what, which can lead to tissue loss due to loss of blood supply?
Injury or accident
Chronic compartment syndrome is caused by what?
Overuse
When damaged muscle swells, the surrounding fascia constricts that puts pressure (pain) on the vessels and nerves and also prevents blood from entering or draining. What is this called?
Compartment syndrome
Action, number or origins/heads, location of attachments, location of muscle, shape, relative size, and direction of fascicles and fibers is the ways to name what?
Muscles