Introduction to the Skeleton Flashcards
The five functions of the skeletal system are to support what, protect what, allow for what, hemopoiesis which is what, and be an energy and mineral what?
Entire body, viscera (organs), movement, blood cell production, and reserve.
Bones are considered organs as they have several types of tissues. Where do bones meet at?
Joints
How many named bones are there? The axial skeleton consists of how many bones, meaning the appendicular skeleton has how many?
206 bones. 80 bones for axial, leaving 126 bones for the appendicular skeleton.
Which skeleton supports the head, neck, and trunk, as well as protecting the thoracic viscera, spinal cord, and brain?
Axial skeleton
Which skeleton includes the pectoral girdle, upper limb, lower limb, and pelvic girdle?
Appendicular skeleton
What bone making is a hole in the bone that is typically there for nerves and vessels?
Foramina (foramen)
What bone marking is a depression in the bone?
Fossa (fossae)
What bone marking is a projection from a bone and protrudes from a surrounding bone that can be wide or narrow?
Process
What bone marking is a hole or tube-like structure?
Meatus
What bone marking is a groove or tube-like structure?
Canal
The three types of cartilage are?
Fibrocartilage, hyaline, and elastic
What type of tissue supports soft tissue, is a model for formation of bone, and can be used as a gliding surface at an articulation?
Cartilage tissue
Cartilage is avascular and the cell type is what?
Chondrocytes in lacunae
What type of cartilage is the most common and found in the fetal skeleton, respiratory structures, the ends of long bones, and costal cartilages?
Hyaline cartilage
Which type of cartilage has tiny, nearly invisible collagen fibers called fibrils?
Hyaline cartilage
What cartilage is similar to hyaline but has tons of elastic and is found in the pinna (outer ear) and epiglottis?
Elastic cartilage
What cartilage is very flexible and resilient, leading to allowing repeated bending?
Elastic cartilage
What type of cartilage has little ground substance and the matrix has thick, dense collagen fibers and is found in the intervertebral discs, the knee joint, and the pubic symphysis?
Fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage resists strong compressions?
Fibrocartilage
Bone is much what than cartilage, has very little what, what compressions and tensions, is well what leading to healing/remodeling easily, and made of organic and inorganic materials?
Denser, fluid, resists, and vascularized
What bone cell builds new bone?
Osteoblast
What bone cell breaks down (consumes) bone?
Osteoclast
What bone cell is a mature bone cell?
Osteocyte
Trabecular bone is another name for what type of bone?
Spongy bone
Cortical bone is another name for what type of bone?
Compact bone
A structural unit of compact bone is what?
Osteon
What are the concentric tubes that make up osteons called?
Lamallae
What are the four types (shapes) of bone?
Long, short, flat, and irregular
What contains bone marrow in a bone?
Medullary cavity
The what lines the outside of the bone while the what lines the internal cavity?
Periosteum and endosteum
What type(s) of bone contains marrow but doesn’t have a medullary cavity?
Flat, irregular, and short bones
Ossification or osteogenesis is the process of what? What are the two types?
Bone formation. The two types are endochondral and intramembranous.
What type of ossification involves the bone growing from a membrane and includes the bones of the skull, maxillae, zygomatic, mandible, and center of clavicle?
Intramembranous
What type of ossification starts as a hyaline cartilage model that is replaced by bone?
Endochondral
What are the ends of the long bone called?
Epiphysis
