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Human Anatomy > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the skull?

A

28 bones that are extremely complex

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2
Q

How are the skull bones connected?

A

Sutures (Interlocking, immovable joints)

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3
Q

Most of the bones of the skull are flat bones and are formed by what ossification?

A

Intramembranous

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4
Q

What suture is between the frontal and parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture

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5
Q

What suture connects the parietal bones?

A

Saggital suture

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6
Q

What suture connects the parietal and temporal bones?

A

Squamous suture

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7
Q

What suture connects the occipital bone and parietal bones?

A

Lambdoid suture

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8
Q

The area between the bones of the infant skull bones are called what?

A

Fontanelles

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9
Q

What is premature fusion of the skull bones, which leads to unusual cranial vault shape?

A

Craniosynostosis

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10
Q

The vault, or the what, forms the superior, lateral, and posterior bones of the skull, which includes the forehead?

A

Calvarium

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11
Q

What are the eight bones of the cranium?

A

Frontal, two parietal, two temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid

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11
Q

The inferior part of the cranium is called the what?

A

Base

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12
Q

What cranium bones make up most of the superior part of the skull and extend laterally and posteriorly?

A

Parietal bones

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13
Q

What cranium bone is the posterior part of the cranium and the cranial base?

A

Occipital bone

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13
Q

What two structures are in the occipital bone?

A

Foramen magnum and occipital condyles

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14
Q

What part of the temporal bone is above the zygomatic arch? What part includes the external acoustic meatus? What part is best seen externally and contains the middle and inner ear cavities?

A

Squamous part, tympanic part, and petrous part

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15
Q

The what of the temporal bone and the what of the mandible forms the TMJ joint?

A

Mandibular fossa, condyle

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15
Q

The temporal bone contains what two structures?

A

Mastoid process and styloid process

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16
Q

What are the three ear bones?

A

Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)

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17
Q

Sound waves cause vibrations of what bones that are transmitted to the inner ear?

A

Middle ear bones

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18
Q

What is the only cranial bone to articulate with every other cranial bone?

A

Sphenoid

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19
Q

The sphenoid bone has what landmark, which holds the pituitary gland?

A

Sella turcica

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20
Q

Is the ethmoid or sphenoid bone more anterior?

A

Ethmoid

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21
Q

What bone forms some boundaries of the nasal cavity and separates the nasal cavity from the brain?

A

Ethmoid bone

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22
Q

What two structures does the ethmoid bone hold?

A

Cribriform plate and crista galli

23
Q

What part of the ethmoid bone helps form the roof of the nasal cavity and foramina allows passage of olfactory nerves into the brain?

A

Cribriform plate

24
Q

How many bones of the face are there?

A

14 bones

25
Q

What allows for tears to drain into the nasal cavity?

A

The lacrimal groove

26
Q

Orbital surface, alveolar processes, frontal process, and zygomatic process are all part of what facial bone?

A

Maxilla

27
Q

The superior and middle nasal conchae are part of what bone?

A

Ethmoid

28
Q

The maxilla bone articulates with every facial bone except for what?

A

The mandible

29
Q

What are the eight bones of the orbit?

A

Palatine, lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla

30
Q

The maxillary bones and the palatine bone form what?

A

Hard palate

31
Q

What is it called when the two sides of the palate fail to come together, which which an opening between the mouth and nose is present, makes effective nursing difficult?

A

Cleft palate

32
Q

What is the function of the coronoid process of the mandible?

A

Serve as an attachment site for the temporalis muscle

32
Q

Mental protuberance, ramus, body, alveolar processes, mandibular foramen, mental foramen, mandibular symphysis, condyles, and coronoid processes are parts of what bone?

A

Mandible

33
Q

What is the chin called?

A

Mental protuberance

34
Q

Does the body or head grow faster first?

A

Head

34
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

A

Serve as a base for the tongue and attachment sites for muscles that move the larynx

34
Q

What includes the thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and costal cartilages?

A

Thoracic cage

35
Q

What do the intercostal spaces do?

A

Hold muscles that aid in breathing

36
Q

The jugular notch, manubrium, sternal angle, body, xiphisternal joint, and xiphoid process are part of what bone?

A

Sternum

37
Q

What are the true ribs? What are the false ones? What are the floating ones?

A

1-7, 8-12, 11/12

38
Q

Head, tubercle, and shaft are parts of what bone?

A

Rib

39
Q

What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with on the vertebra?

A

Transverse process

40
Q

How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

A

26 vertebrae

41
Q

How many of each type of vertebrae are there?

A

Cervical - 7, thoracic - 12, lumbar - 5, sacrum - 5, coccyx -1

42
Q

Do spines regularly curve as it gives greater flexibility and positions the center of gravity over axis of body?

A

Yes

43
Q

What is lateral curvature of the spine called?

A

Scoliosis

44
Q

What is excessive curvature of the thoracic spine called?

A

Kyphosis

45
Q

What is excessive curvature of the lumbar spine?

A

Lordosis

46
Q

Body, vertebral foramen, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, intervertebral foramen, and superior and inferior articular facets are all characteristics of what bones?

A

Vertebrae

47
Q

What is it called when you stack vertebrae?

A

Vertebral canal

48
Q

The spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae are used for what purpose?

A

Ligament and muscle attachment sites

49
Q

Transverse foramina, bifid spinous processes, and articular facets facing superior/inferior are characteristics of what vertebrae group?

A

Cervical

50
Q

What cervical vertebra has no body or spinous process and allows for flexion and extension of the head?

A

Atlas

51
Q

What cervical vertebra has the dens and allows for rotational movement of the head?

A

Axis

52
Q

What vertebrae group has costal facets, long spinous processes that project inferiorly, and articular facets that face anterior/posterior?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

53
Q

What vertebrae group has large bodies, short/flat spinous processes, and articular facets face medial/lateral?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

54
Q

What structure on the sacrum articulates with the hip bones to form the sacroiliac joint?

A

Ala

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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