Axial Skeleton Flashcards
What are the bones of the skull?
28 bones that are extremely complex
How are the skull bones connected?
Sutures (Interlocking, immovable joints)
Most of the bones of the skull are flat bones and are formed by what ossification?
Intramembranous
What suture is between the frontal and parietal bones?
Coronal suture
What suture connects the parietal bones?
Saggital suture
What suture connects the parietal and temporal bones?
Squamous suture
What suture connects the occipital bone and parietal bones?
Lambdoid suture
The area between the bones of the infant skull bones are called what?
Fontanelles
What is premature fusion of the skull bones, which leads to unusual cranial vault shape?
Craniosynostosis
The vault, or the what, forms the superior, lateral, and posterior bones of the skull, which includes the forehead?
Calvarium
What are the eight bones of the cranium?
Frontal, two parietal, two temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid
The inferior part of the cranium is called the what?
Base
What cranium bones make up most of the superior part of the skull and extend laterally and posteriorly?
Parietal bones
What cranium bone is the posterior part of the cranium and the cranial base?
Occipital bone
What two structures are in the occipital bone?
Foramen magnum and occipital condyles
What part of the temporal bone is above the zygomatic arch? What part includes the external acoustic meatus? What part is best seen externally and contains the middle and inner ear cavities?
Squamous part, tympanic part, and petrous part
The what of the temporal bone and the what of the mandible forms the TMJ joint?
Mandibular fossa, condyle
The temporal bone contains what two structures?
Mastoid process and styloid process
What are the three ear bones?
Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)
Sound waves cause vibrations of what bones that are transmitted to the inner ear?
Middle ear bones
What is the only cranial bone to articulate with every other cranial bone?
Sphenoid
The sphenoid bone has what landmark, which holds the pituitary gland?
Sella turcica
Is the ethmoid or sphenoid bone more anterior?
Ethmoid
What bone forms some boundaries of the nasal cavity and separates the nasal cavity from the brain?
Ethmoid bone
What two structures does the ethmoid bone hold?
Cribriform plate and crista galli
What part of the ethmoid bone helps form the roof of the nasal cavity and foramina allows passage of olfactory nerves into the brain?
Cribriform plate
How many bones of the face are there?
14 bones
What allows for tears to drain into the nasal cavity?
The lacrimal groove
Orbital surface, alveolar processes, frontal process, and zygomatic process are all part of what facial bone?
Maxilla
The superior and middle nasal conchae are part of what bone?
Ethmoid
The maxilla bone articulates with every facial bone except for what?
The mandible
What are the eight bones of the orbit?
Palatine, lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla
The maxillary bones and the palatine bone form what?
Hard palate
What is it called when the two sides of the palate fail to come together, which which an opening between the mouth and nose is present, makes effective nursing difficult?
Cleft palate
What is the function of the coronoid process of the mandible?
Serve as an attachment site for the temporalis muscle
Mental protuberance, ramus, body, alveolar processes, mandibular foramen, mental foramen, mandibular symphysis, condyles, and coronoid processes are parts of what bone?
Mandible
What is the chin called?
Mental protuberance
Does the body or head grow faster first?
Head
What is the function of the hyoid bone?
Serve as a base for the tongue and attachment sites for muscles that move the larynx
What includes the thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and costal cartilages?
Thoracic cage
What do the intercostal spaces do?
Hold muscles that aid in breathing
The jugular notch, manubrium, sternal angle, body, xiphisternal joint, and xiphoid process are part of what bone?
Sternum
What are the true ribs? What are the false ones? What are the floating ones?
1-7, 8-12, 11/12
Head, tubercle, and shaft are parts of what bone?
Rib
What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with on the vertebra?
Transverse process
How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
26 vertebrae
How many of each type of vertebrae are there?
Cervical - 7, thoracic - 12, lumbar - 5, sacrum - 5, coccyx -1
Do spines regularly curve as it gives greater flexibility and positions the center of gravity over axis of body?
Yes
What is lateral curvature of the spine called?
Scoliosis
What is excessive curvature of the thoracic spine called?
Kyphosis
What is excessive curvature of the lumbar spine?
Lordosis
Body, vertebral foramen, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, intervertebral foramen, and superior and inferior articular facets are all characteristics of what bones?
Vertebrae
What is it called when you stack vertebrae?
Vertebral canal
The spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae are used for what purpose?
Ligament and muscle attachment sites
Transverse foramina, bifid spinous processes, and articular facets facing superior/inferior are characteristics of what vertebrae group?
Cervical
What cervical vertebra has no body or spinous process and allows for flexion and extension of the head?
Atlas
What cervical vertebra has the dens and allows for rotational movement of the head?
Axis
What vertebrae group has costal facets, long spinous processes that project inferiorly, and articular facets that face anterior/posterior?
Thoracic vertebrae
What vertebrae group has large bodies, short/flat spinous processes, and articular facets face medial/lateral?
Lumbar vertebrae
What structure on the sacrum articulates with the hip bones to form the sacroiliac joint?
Ala
