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Anatomy and Physiology Semester 1 > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Functional classification

A

synarthrosis - immovable
amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable
diarthrosis - freely moveable

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2
Q

rotation of forearm

A

pronation - radius crosses over ulna
palm faces posteriorly
supination - anatomical position
palm faces anteriorly

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3
Q

foot movement

A

inversion - twist sole medially
eversion - twist sole laterally

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4
Q

structural classification

A

bony fusion (bone-bone by bone)
fibrous (by collagen)
cartilaginous (by cartilage)
synovial (rane)

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5
Q

synostosis joint

A

fusion of adjacent bones

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6
Q

suture (fibrous) joint

A

narrow fibrous joint between skull bones by collagen
synarthrosis

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7
Q

gomphosis (fibrous) joint

A

fibrous joint anchoring roots of teeth by ligament
synarthrosis

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8
Q

syndesmosis (fibrous) joint

A

fibrous joint with bones linked by membrane or ligament
amphiarthrosis

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9
Q

synchondrosis (cartilaginous) joint

A

cartilaginous joint where bones are joined by cartilage or hyaline
synarthrosis

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10
Q

symphysis (cartilaginous) joint

A

body of 2 bones meet separated by fibrocartilage discs
amphiarthrosis

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11
Q

synovial joint

A

between bone that move against each other
diarthrosis

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12
Q

bony joints

A

type-synostosis
functional-synarthrosis
description-fused
eg-left and right frontal bones

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13
Q

feature of synovial joint - articular cartilage

A

smooth covering
cartilage prevent bones touching
reduce friction

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14
Q

feature of synovial joint - synovial fluid

A

high protein content (proteoglycans)
secreted by fibroblasts
lubricates
distributes nutrients
shock absorber

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15
Q

feature of synovial joint - joint capsule

A

fibrous connective tissue
synovial membrane

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16
Q

joint accessory structures

A

meniscus - fibrocartilage pad
fat pad - superficial, protection
ligaments - support and strength
tendons - attach muscle, support
bursae - pockets of fluid, cushion

17
Q

types of synovial joint

A

gliding - eg claviculo-sternal
hinge - monoaxial, eg elbow
pivot - monoaxial rotation eg Atlanto-axial
condylar - biaxial eg radoiocarpal
saddle - biaxial eg first cargo-metacarpal
ball and socket - triaxial eg shoulder

18
Q

factors affecting synovial function

A

shape of articulating bones
joint capsule and ligaments
menisci
tendons and muscle crossing
fat pads

19
Q

vertebrae joints

A

intervertebral discs containing annulus fibrosis (outer layer) and nucleus pulposus (elastic core) forming gliding joint

20
Q

damage to vertebrae disc

A

slipped discs = release nucleus pulposus and compress spinal cord = pain in body

21
Q

should (glenohumeral) joint components

A

glenoid labrum (fibrocartilage ring, deepens cavity for stability)
ligaments for movement
rotator cuff muscles
bursae prevents rubbing

22
Q

hip (coxal) joint components

A

head of femur articulates with deep acetabulum
acetabular labrum deepens cavity
strong joint capsule by ligaments

23
Q

hip (coxal) joint features

A

deeper socket = stable
fibrocartilage = support
thick and dense = stable

24
Q

elbow joint

A

articulations = humeroulnar (trochlea humerus with trochlear notch), humeroradial (capitulum humerus with radius head)
ligaments = radial collateral

25
Q

knee joint articulations

A

modified hinge joint (3 joints in 1 capsule) 2x femur-tibia joints - medial and lateral condyles and menisci
patella-patellar surface of femur

26
Q

knee joint ligaments

A

patellar
anterior and posterior cruciate
tibial and fibular collateral ligaments

fibula not part of joint
fibular collateral tightens when straight = no lateral movement

27
Q

joint injuries

A

sprain - tear ligament fibre
dislocation - articulating surfaces displaced
subluxation - partial dislocation

28
Q

joint disease

A

osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
gouty arthritis

29
Q

osteoarthritis

A

wear and tear
damage to articular cartilage and underlying bone
common with age
inflammatory condition

30
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune condition
inflammation of articular cartilage

31
Q

gouty arthritis

A

decomposition of crystals in joint due to metabolic disorder (antibody attach to joint, uric acid from break down of protein)

Anatomy and Physiology Semester 1 (18 decks)

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