Integumentary system

Question 1

2 components of the integumentary system

Answer 1

cutaneous membrane
accessory structures

Question 2

cutaneous membrane structure

Answer 2

epidermis
dermis - papillary, reticular
hypodermis

Question 3

what’s the organisation of the epidermis

Answer 3

stratified squamous epithelial cells

Question 4

regeneration of the epidermis

Answer 4

basal keratinocytes divide
shrink and dehydrated
grains of keratin produced
dead flat clear cells form which lack organelle
cells shed

Question 5

structure of epidermis

Answer 5

basement membrane
stratum basal
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
surface

Question 6

thick vs thin skin: location

Answer 6

thick - finger, palm, feet
thin - everywhere

Question 7

thick vs thin skin: thickness

Answer 7

thick- 0.6-4.5mm
thin - 0.1-0.15

Question 8

thick vs thin skin: strata

Answer 8

thick - thicker lucidum, spinosum and corneum
thin - no lucidum and thinner others

Question 9

thick vs thin skin: ridges

Answer 9

thick - yes
thin - no

Question 10

thick vs thin skin: hair follicles

Answer 10

thick - no
thin - yes

Question 11

thick vs thin skin: sweat glands

Answer 11

thick - more
thin - less

Question 12

thick vs thin skin: sensory receptors

Answer 12

thick - more
thin - less

Question 13

role of melanocytes and keratinocytes

Answer 13

secrete melanin to protect from uv

Question 14

skin pigments

Answer 14

carotene - yellow
melonin - brown
blood - pink

Question 15

dermis structure

Answer 15

collagen and elastic fibre - support epidemris
papillary layer of areolar tissue
reticular layer - fibrous network
blood vessels - papillary plexus, cutaneous plexus

Question 16

what type of tissue is the dermis

Answer 16

loose and dense connective tissue

Question 17

hypodermis

Answer 17

underlayer
loose connective tissue (areolar and adipose)

Question 18

superficial fasciae tissue type

Answer 18

areolar and adipose tissue

Question 19

deep fascia

Answer 19

strong fibrous internal network
dense connective tissue
bound to tendons

Question 20

subserous fascia

Answer 20

areolar tissue

Question 21

role of hair follicle

Answer 21

protection
insulation
sensation

Question 22

hair follicle structure

Answer 22

root hair plexus
hair root in connective tissue sheath
arrector pill muscle
subcutaneous gland
shaft

Question 23

hair structure (working inwards)

Answer 23

connective sheath
glassy membrane
external root sheath
interbal root sheath
cuticle (thin hard keratin)
cortex (thick hard keratin)
medulla (soft keratin)

Question 24

how fast does hair grow a day

Answer 24

0.33mm

Question 25

sebaceous glands and follicle functions

Answer 25

secrete sebum
waterproofing

Question 26

hair growth

Answer 26

end - follicle inactive, connection break = new growth

Question 27

nail structure (from base)

Answer 27

eponychium (cuticle)
proximal nail fold
lunula
nail body
lateral nail fold
free edge

Question 28

what cells are the nail

Answer 28

keratinised epithelial c ells

Question 29

2 types of sweat gland

Answer 29

apocrine - smelly, thick discharge
merocrine - thinner watery discharge

Question 30

function of sweat glands

Answer 30

cooling
excretion
protection

Question 31

degrees of burn

Answer 31

1st - epidermis affected
2nd - some dermis
3rd - sensory nerves destroyed

Question 32

injury repair stages

Answer 32

1. bleeding, mast cells cause einflammatory
2. clot with fibrin network, stratum basale cells migrate, phagocytic cells arrive
3. mesh produced by fibroblasts, fibrin clot breaking
4. epidermis complete, shallow depression fibroblast continues

Question 33

intrinsic ageing affects

Answer 33

decreased cell activity and growth factors eg hormones
causes dermal thinning, wrinkles, white hair, high infection

Question 34

extrinsic ageing affects

Answer 34

from sun, smoking etc
causes wrinkles, skin cancer