Joint Motion Concepts and Terminology Flashcards
What is Osteokinematic Motion?
Directions the bones move when motion occurs
AKA: “Physiologic Motions”
-Visible motion during voluntary movement
- Typically described as movement around a specific joint axis and within a particular joint plane
What is Physiologic Motions?
Movement in one of the 3 cardinal planes occurs at right angles to the joint axis
What are the Physiologic Joint Motions?
Flex and Ext
Abd and add
IR and ER
Horizontal ABD/ADD
What are the joint planes?
Sagittal
Frontal (Coronal)
Transverse (Horizontal)
What are the joint axes?
Frontal
Sagittal
Longitudinal (Vertical)
What is Arthokinematic motion?
motion between the joint surfaces during movement
AKA “accessory motions or joint play”
- The motion that should occur within the joint to allow normal range of motion (osteokinematic) to occur
- Invisible and involuntary
What are some accessory motions?
Roll, Slide (glide), and Spin
What is Roll motion?
various points on one surface contact many points on another surface
What is slide (glide) motion?
One point of one surface with many points on another surface
What is spin motion?
One point of one surface in contact with one point on another surface
What is the Convex on Concave rule?
Convex surface moving on fixed concave surface: Roll and Glide accessory motions occur in the OPPOSITE direction
- Movement of bone is in OPPOSITE direction to movement of joint (glide)
What is the Concave on Convex rule?
Concave surface moving on fixed convex surface:
Roll and glide accessory motions occur in the SAME direction
- Movement of the bone is in the same direction as movement of joint surface
What are the two joint positions?
Open- Packed (loose) and Close- Packed
What is Open- Packed (loose)?
- Ligaments and capsule in position of greatest laxity
- joint surfaces are maximally separated
- Minimal congruency between joint surface
- Proper position to assess joint play and to mobilize
What is Close- Packed position?
- Ligaments and capsule are taut
- Joint surfaces are maximally contacted
- Maximal congruency between joint surface
- Position of maximal stability
- POOR position to assess joint play or to mobilize.
What is End- Feel?
The sensation you “Feel” in the joint as it reaches the end of the range of motion
- it assesses the quality of motion
- Assists in identifying pathology
What are “normal” End- feels?
Bone to bone, Soft- Tissue approximation, and Tissue Stretch
What is bone to bone end feel?
Hard, unyielding sensation; painless
Example: Elbow Extension
What is soft tissue approximation?
Soft, yielding compression
Example: Muscle contact with elbow or knee flexion
What is Tissue stretch?
Hard or firm (springy) type of movement with a slight give
- Feeling of springy or elastic resistance
Example: Shoulder rotation, knee extension
What are abnormal end feels?
Capsular (hard and soft capsular), Muscle Spasm, and Bone to bone, springy block, empty
What is capsular end feel?
Similar to tissue stretch, but occurs early in motion. There are two subdivisions (Hard and Soft)
What is Hard Capsular End feel?
Hard or firm end feel, thicker feeling than normal tissue stretch
- Abrupt onset after smooth, friction- free movement
- Seen in chronic conditions
What is Soft Capsular End feel?
Boggy, very soft, mushy end feel typically accompanied joint effusion
- Stiffness early in range and increases until end range
- Seen in acute conditions
What is an abnormal muscle spasm end feel?
Sudden and hard end feel; dramatic arrest in movement accompanied with pain; usually due to subconscious effort to protect an injured joint or structure
What is bone to bone abnormal end feel?
Hard, unyielding sensation similar to normal bone to bone
-Restriction occurs before normal end range is expected
Example: Osteophyte formation
What is Springy Block abnormal end feel?
Also a firm end feel, similar to tissue stretch
- Restriction occurs before normal end range is expected
- Usually has a rebound effect indicating internal derangement in the joint (i.e., meniscal tear)
What is empty abnormal end feel?
No mechanical resistance, but considerable pain is produced by movement
What is a capsular pattern?
characteristic pattern of motion restriction when joint capsule is involved (contracted)
- Unique pattern for each joint
- Often inconsistent, but may be helpful
Examples: Glenohumeral joint: ER limited more than ABD, limited more than IR
Hip- FLEX limited more than ABD, limited more than IR
