Joint Classifications Flashcards
Synarthroses (fibrous jts) include?
- Suture
- Syndesmosis
- Gomphosis
Suture
—Union of 2 bones by a ligament/membrane
—immobile jt
—Eventual fusion = synostosis
Synostosis
Fusion of 2+ bones
Syndesmosis
—Bone connected to bone by a dense fibrous membrane or cord (Tibia/fibula AND radius/ulna)
—Very little motion
Gomphosis
—2 body surfaces connect as a peg in a hole
—The teeth and corresponding sockets in the mandible/maxilla are the only gomphosis jts in the body
Amphiarthroses (Cartilaginous jts) include?
- Synchrondrosis
2. Symphysis
Synchondrosis (sternum and rib articulation)
—hyaline cartilage
— Cartilage adjoins 2 Ossifying centers of bones
—Provide stability during growth
— May ossify to a synostosis once growth is completed
—slight motion
Symphysis
—generally located at the midline of the body
—2 bones covered with hyaline cartilage
—2 bones connected by fibrocartilage
—slight motion
Diarthroses (synovial jts) include?
- Uniaxial jt
- Biaxial jt.
- Multiracial jt.
What five distinguished characteristics do Diarthroses joints have?
- Jt cavity
- Articular cartilage
- Synovial membrane
- Synovial fluid
- Fibrous capsule
T or F: Diarthroses joints are complex and vulnerable to injury?
True
Uniaxial jt
One motion around a single axis in only plane of the body.
- hinge (ginglymus)—elbow jt
- pivot (torchoid)—atlantoaxial jt (AA)
Biaxial Jt
Movement occurs in 2 planes and around 2 axes through convex/concave surfaces
- condyloid—MCP jt of finger
- Saddle—CMC jt of thumb
Multi-axial jt
Movement occurs in 3 places and around 3 axes
- plane (gliding)—carpal jts
- Ball and socket—hip jt
What are the 5 joint receptors?
- Free Nerve endings
- Pacinian Corpuscles
- Golgi Ligament Endings
- Ruffini Endings
- Golgi-Mazzoni Corpuscles
Location, sensitivity and Primary distribution of Free nerve endings
Location: Jt. Capsule; ligaments, synovium, fat pads
Sensitivity: 1 type is sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress
The other type is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biomechanical stimuli
Distribution: All jts
Pacinian Corpuscles location, sensitivity, distribuation?
Location: fibrous layer of jt. Capsule
Sensitivity: high frequency vibration, acceleration, and high velocity changes in jt position
Distribution: all jts
Golgi ligament endings location, sensitivity, distribution?
Location: Ligaments, adjacent to ligaments’ bony attachment
Sensitivity: tension or stretch on ligaments
Distribution: Majority of jts
Ruffini endings location, sensitivity, distribution?
Location: fibrous layer of jt capsule
Sensitivity: stretching of jt capsule; amplitudes and velocity of jt position
Distribution: greater density in proximal jts, particularly in capsular regions
Golgi-Mazzini Corpuscles location, sensitivity, and distribution
Location: jt capsule
Sensitivity: compression of the jt capsule
Distribution: Knee jt. , jt capsule
