Joint Biomechanics - Lower Limb Q&A Flashcards
What forms the tenon of the talocrural mortise joint?
Talus (the key)
Name the plane and axis for the subtalar inversion and
eversion
Diagonal plane, oblique axis
In open kinetic chain plantar- and dorsiflexion is the moving surface concave or convex?
Convex
Which ligaments control end of range plantarflexion?
Anterior tibiotalar ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
What is the name of this mechanism in the foot? (triangular arch of the foot)
Windlass mechanism
Which combination of movements produce pronation?
Eversion, Dorsiflexion, Foot abduction
What type of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
Synovial ball and socket joint
Which muscles are synergists to ankle dorsiflexion?
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Which muscles are agonists for subtalar inversion?
Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
Why is the ankle (talocrural) joint less stable in
plantarflexion?
Talus is narrower posteriorly and wider anteriorly. The narrower posterior part of the trochlea of the talus moves forward into the broader part of the tibiofibular mortise, making it less stable.
Which bones articulate with the three cuneiforms?
1st to 3rd MT (with 1st to 3rd cuneiform)
Navicular (with all)
Cuboid (with 3rd cuneiform)
To which two bones is the bifurcate ligament attached
(Other than its origin on the calcaneus)?
Navicular and cuboid
Around which plane and axis does the transverse tarsal
joint produce inversion and eversion?
Frontal plane, antero-posterior axis
Which are the agonists for IP joint flexion?
Flexor digitorum longus (toes 2-5) and flexor hallucis
longus (1st toe)
Which biomechanical abnormality presents with the
knees touching and the feet apart (knock-kneed)?
Genu valgus
In what position is rotation possible at the knee?
Knee flexion
Which muscle(s) can produce internal tibia rotation?
Agonist muscles: Semitendinosus and semimembranosus
Synergist muscles: Gracilis and Sartorius
What is the maximal range of knee flexion and in what position does it occur?
160° in hip extension.
When moving from extension into flexion, in which
direction do the menisci move?
Posteriorly
Name the facets on the patellar surface of the
patellofemoral joint
Medial and lateral facets.
What are the two different types of exercises (in terms of weight bearing) used commonly for the rehabilitation of anterior knee joint pain?
NON-WEIGHT-BEARING (OKC)
WEIGHT-BEARING (CKC)
What are the functions of the medial and lateral menisci?
- Joint stability
- Shock absorption
- Load distribution across the joint
- Joint lubrication
What are the origin and insertion of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?
Origin: Anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
Insertion: Posterior and medial surface of the lateral
condyle of the femur
Which cruciate ligament is taut with more of its fibers in
extension, and which is taut more in flexion?
ACL taut in extension
PCL taut in flexion
What are the insertions of the medial collateral
ligament?
Origin: Medial femoral condyle
Insertion: Medial tibial condyle + medial meniscus,
medial surface of the capsule and tibial shaft
Which force (direction of movement) will injure the lateral collateral ligament?
Varus
Will a greater or lesser sulcus angle predispose a
patient to patella dislocation?
Greater
What is the normal range of q-angle for
a female?
15-17°
What does the angle of Wiberg represent?
Inferior tilt of acetabulum
Which extra capsular ligament is the strongest and where is it situated?
Iliofemroal ligament
Origin: AIIS, acetabular limbus
Insertion: Intertrochanteric line
Which direction is the glide in open chain abduction?
Convex femoral head gliding on concave acetabulum.
Inferior.
Around which plane and axis do anterior and posterior
pelvic tilting occur?
Sagittal plane, transverse axis
What limits the range of hip adduction?
Limited by the opposite limb, tension in the abductors
and iliofemoral ligaments
Which are the agonists for hip flexion?
iliopsoas, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus
femoris, adductor longus, pectineus
Name this ligament and its origin and insertions: (the posterior ligament)
Ischiofemoral
Origin: Ischium
Insertion: Greater trochanter
What can be an indication of femoral retroversion (looking at position of foot)?
External rotation at foot
What is coxa valga?
Pathologic increase in the angle of inclination of the femur.
What is the name of this angle in the hip? (neck to shaft)
Angle of inclination
What is the angle of torsion in the hip?
Degree of torsion of neck of femur from femoral condyles, normal is anterior.
What happens to the extra-capsular ligaments in hip
flexion?
All 3 ligaments are relaxed
What are the synergists to hip flexion?
Adductor brevis, gracilis and gluteus minimus (anterior
fibers)
Around what plane and axis does pelvic rotation occur?
Horizontal plane, longitudinal axis
What are the antagonists of hip internal rotation?
obturator internus, quadratus femoris, gemellus
superior + inferior and gluteus maximus (inferior fibers)
