Balance and Posture Q&A Flashcards
TRUE OR FALSE - The central set is the readiness of the CNS based on initial conditions, prior experiences and expectations
True
Which of the following is NOT correct for the ankle strategy?
A) The perturbation is fast
B) Muscles are recruited distal to proximal
C) Head is in phase with hip
D) The contact surface is firm and wide
A) The perturbation is fast
Which of the following is NOT correct for the hip strategy?
A) The perturbation is fast
B) Muscles are recruited distal to proximal
C) Head is out of phase with hip
D) The contact surface is unstable
B) Muscles are recruited distal to proximal
TRUE OR FALSE - The reaching strategy is slower than the stepping strategy
False
Which system is NOT a component controlling balance? A) Visual B) Auditory C) Vestibular D) Proprioceptive
B) Auditory
Which system is mainly involved to control balance during upright standing?
Proprioceptive/somatosensory
Which part of the ear detect head movements? A) Semicircular ducts B) Cochlea C) The inner ear D) The auricule
Semicircular ducts
TRUE OR FALSE - The vestibulo-ocular reflex is used to stabilize images during eye movements.
True
TRUE OR FALSE - Vestibulocollic reflex involves neck motoneurons and semicircular canals.
True
Which of these reflex stabilizes the head position in relation to trunk? A) Cervico-collic B) Vestibulo-collic C) Vestibulo-occulomotor D) None
A) Cervico-collic
Which system is decreasing its power during everyday life situations?
Proprioceptive/Somatosensory
By which process the relative contributions made by the different sensory systems is controlled?
Sensory reweighting
Name 3 muscles commonly elongated and weak when having lordosis.
Anterior abdominals
Small muscles of lumbar spine (multifidus, rotators)
Lower and middle trapezius Hamstrings may lengthen initially or shorten to compensate where posture has been present for some time
Rhomboids (?)
Upper (thoracic and cervical) erector spinal,
Hyoid muscles
Name 3 muscles commonly short and strong when having lordosis.
Lumbar erector spinae Hip flexors Upper trapezius Pectoralis major and minor Levator scapulae Sternocleidomastoid Scalenes Suboccipital muscles
Define the central set.
Readiness of the CNS for an upcoming event based on initial conditions, prior
experiences and expectations.
Name the 4 strategies used to recover from a loss of balance.
Ankle and hip strategies and Stepping and reaching strategies.
Name the different systems controlling balance.
Visual
Vestibular
Proprioceptive
TRUE OR FALSE - When the head moves in one direction, the eyes follow.
False
Which reflex is used to stabilize the head position in relation to trunk?
Cervico-colic reflex
Define sensory reweighting
Ability to reweight sensory information depending on what the sensory context is.
Important for maintaining stability when moving from one context to another.
What is the difference between Center of gravity and Center of mass
COG: Point of application of the resultant of gravitational forces
COM: Defined as the theoretical point in relation to which the mass of this body is
uniformly distributed
In which situation the Base of Support is the SMALLEST A) Tandem position B) 4 legged position C) Feet next to each other D) Feet spread larger of hip
C) Feet next to each other
Name the different body landmarks where the gravity lines passes in the SAGITTAL plane.
Forward of ankle Behind or through thoracic spine Through or forward of the knee Through acromium Through r behind the hip (common hip axis) Through or forward of atlanto-occipital
What is happening in a balanced erect posture?
Balanced posture of the body reduces the work done by the muscles in maintaining it in an erect posture.
Which of the system is primarily involved when standing in an upright position? A) Vestibular B) Visual C) Auditory D) Proprioceptive
D) Proprioceptive
What is the difference between vestibulo-collic and cervico-collic reflex?
Vestibulo-collic and cervico-collic reflexes closely interact together for the vestibular control of the head orientation in space.
- Vestibulo-collic stabilise the head position in relation to the gravity vector.
- Cervico-collic: stabilise head position in relation to trunk.
Which part of the vestibular system is specifically involved in the vestibulocollic reflex?
Semi-circular canal
Which part of the visual system is involved in maintaining balance?
Retina
Usually during sensory reweighting during movements, which system gets less involved?
Proprioceptive
Which structure of the vestibular system detects Angular acceleration?
Semi-circular canals
Name the different types of standing posture.
- Lordosis
- Sway back
- Kyphosis
- Scoliosis
- Flat bacK
Name three potential health problem of bad posture.
Misalignment of musculoskeletal system. Increase pressure on the spine, making it more prone to injury and degeneration. Cause neck, shoulder, and back pain. Decrease flexibility. Affect how well joints move. Affect balance and increase risk of falling. Make it harder to digest food. Make it harder to breathe.
Explain the difference between static and dynamic posture.
Static: Body and its segments are aligned and maintained in certain positions. How you hold yourself when you are not moving: sitting, standing, or sleeping. Usually achieved by co-ordination and interaction of various muscle groups which are working statically to counteract gravity and other forces.
Dynamic: Postures in which the body or its segment are moving. How you hold yourself when you are moving: Like walking, running, or bending over to pick up something. Usually required to form an efficient basis for movement. Muscles and noncontractile structures have to work to adapt to changing circumstance.
Explain the vestibulocollic reflex.
Signals detected by the semicircular canals are conveyed to neck motoneurons with the intervention of 1 interneuron on the vestibulocollic neuron (VN) and will
evoke the vestibulocollic reflex (VCR)
