JOINT AND JOINT MOVEMENTS QUIZ Flashcards
Joints between bones that do not allow movement
Synarthroses
b. This type of joint is formed by either opposing plane surfaces or slightly convex and concave surfaces, only allows gliding movement
Gliding joint
c. Freely moving joints or articulations; also called synovial joints
Diarthroses
structure that is an outer layer of a joint structure and is composed of dense connective fibrous tissues
Fibrous capsule
e. A concave surface of the pelvis where the head of the femur meets with the pelvis
Acetabulum
the bones are united by a thin layer of fibrous tissue
Suture
g. A joint that a convex surface fits into a concave surface. In this type of a joint, motion is limited to flexion and extension in a single plane
Hinge joint
fluid found in the cavities of the synovial joints whose role is to reduce friction and protect the cartilage surface
Synovial fluid
i. A process during which a lighted instrument is used to examine and also perform surgery in the interior of a joint
Arthroscopy
j. A type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone
Osteoarthritis
joint that allows for rotational movement around a single axis
Pivot joint
l. Inflammation of the synovial membrane, the tissue that lines and protects the joint
Synovitis
forms the junctions between the spine and each side of the pelvis, bears the weight and stress of the torso,
Sacroiliac joint
n. Joint in which bones are connected by ligaments between the bones
Syndesmosis
o. Closed sacs with a synovial membrane lining
Bursa
p. A type of synovial or diarthrosis joint, also called a multiaxial joint, like the shoulder or hip joint
Ball and socket joint
q. A place of junction between two or more bones
Articulation
r. Smooth connective tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints
Articular cartilage
s. A type of synovial joint, also called an ellipsoidal joint, like the wrist
Condyloid joint
t. Joints are held together by these structures that are made of strong connective tissue
Ligaments
u. Measurement of the arc of movement of joints such as the hip or knee
Range of motion
v. A chronic inflammatory disease that causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling
Rheumatoid arthritis
w. A partial or complete tear of a ligament
Sprain
x. Surgical procedure to alter a joint, relieve pain, and restore range of motion by realigning, reconstructing, or replacing a joint
Arthroplasty
y. Joints that allow only slight movement
Amphiarthroses
Pointing the toes down with the heel up
Plantar flexion
Turning the palm of the hand to face upwards
Supination
Increases the angle joint beyond the anatomic position
Hyperextension
Movement that occurs only with the thumb and is unique to primates, occurs when thumb and tip of finger meet
Opposition
Moving a limb towards the midline of the body
Adduction
Bending a body part to decrease the angle between the bones at a joint
Flexion
Lowering a part of the body
Depression
Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Eversion
Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
Abduction
Turning the pam of the hand to face downwards
Pronation
Soles of the feet face inwards at the ankle
Inversion
Thrusting forward of a body part
Protraction
Bending a body part to increase the angle between the bones at a joint
Extension
Pointing the toes up and the heel down
Dorsiflexion
Moving a bone around a central axis
Rotation
Raising a part of the body
Elevation
The withdrawal of a body part
Retraction
Moving the bone so that the end of the bone or limb describes a circle in the air and the side of the bone describe a cone in the air
circumduction
Femoral shaft fracture
The fracture shown was the result of an accidental gunshot (pieces of lead can be seen in the X-ray), but motor vehicle accidents are more commonly to blame for this type of injury
The fracture shown is commonly caused by falls onto outstretched hands. These are the most common fractures in pediatrics.
Radius fracture
This fracture was caused by a fall onto a fully extended arm that hyper-extended the elbow joint (bent the joint the wrong way).
Supracondylar humerus fracture
This type of break is most often treated with splints, but surgery may be required if a break is severe or does not heal properly.
Phalangeal fracture
This common injury can be caused by a fall or an impact, such as the knees hitting the dashboard in a car accident.
Patella fracture
The fractures shown are usually caused by a fall or a direct strike to the arm.
Ulna and radius fractures
This very painful injury is most often caused by a hard fall to the buttocks.
Fracture of lumbar spine
Fractures such as these are often caused by direct strikes to the leg, often in car accidents.
Tibia/fibula fractures
A common sports injury, this fracture is also the most common injury to a child during birth.
Clavicle fracture
This type of injury usually results from dropping something on the foot.
Metatarsal fracture
The fracture shown resulted from a blow to the head. This type of fracture can sometimes be associated with underlying damage to a major organ.
Skull fracture
This type of dislocation is most commonly caused by high-energy impacts in car accidents, but can also be caused by a fall from a significant height.
Hip dislocation
This very common sports injury is treated by sedating the patient and manipulating the joint back into place.
Dislocated shoulder
Transverse
The fracture occurs at an exact 90° horizontal angle.
Oblique
The fracture occurs sloped down/up at an angle or curves.
Spiral
The fracture spirals around the bone.
Comminuted
The fracture breaks into multiple pieces.
Impacted
The fracture occurs in the middle of a bone when it is driven into itself and buckles.
Avulsion
A ligament or tendon pulls away from its attachment on the bone, and a fragment of bone breaks off with it.
Fissure or Hairline
An incomplete bone fracture; multiple small lines are often visible, but do not pass through the entire bone.
Greenstick
The bone bends rather than breaks, much like a green tree branch.
