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integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

outermost layer of skin

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2
Q

What is the function of epidermis?

A

protection and the production of new cells; also determines the type of skin

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3
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

the outermost layer of the epidermis is composed of 20-24 layers of dead keratin-filled cells.

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4
Q

What is the stratum lucidum?

A

layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis ONLY FOUND IN THICK SKIN

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5
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

The thickest layer of the epidermis; functions by stimulating defense against foreign invaders to help the immune system

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6
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

deepest layer of epidermis; rapidly divides to creplac the dead keratinocytes is higher layers

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7
Q

What is adipose?

A

fat tissue

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8
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Inner layer of skin

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9
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer?

A

hypodermis mainly containing adipose

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10
Q

What are nerves?

A

fibers that transmit signals between the brain and the body

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11
Q

What are arteriole blood vessels?

A

blood vessels that carries blood away from the heart

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12
Q

What are venule blood vessels?

A

blood vessels that carry blood to the heart

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13
Q

What is collagen?

A

protein that strength and forms the skin

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14
Q

What is elastin?

A

connective tissue protein with elastic properties/ allows skin to stretch and come back

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15
Q

What is the arrector pili muscle?

A

small muscle that causes hair to stand up

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16
Q

What is melanin?

A

pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes

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17
Q

What is Meissner’s corpuscle?

A

nerve ending that senses fine touch

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18
Q

What is keratin?

A

protein that forms hair, nails, and outer layer of skin

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19
Q

What is a sebaceous gland?

A

oil gland found in hair that produces sebum

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20
Q

What is a sweat gland?

A

gland that controls body temp through water evaporation from the skin

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21
Q

What is the hair follicle/shaft?

A

Where the hair grows from and where properties are determined

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22
Q

What is a pacinian corpuscle?

A

nerve ending responsible for sensing vibrations and deep pressure

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23
Q

What is the dermal papillae?

A

ridges at the top of the dermis that strongly attatches to the epidermis

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24
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

The skin and its accessory structures (hair, nails, glands, sensory receptors)

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25
Q

What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

A

protection, body temp regulation, and more

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26
Q

What are the 2 dermis layers?

A

papillary and reticular

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27
Q

What is the papillary layer?

A

dermis layer with many blood vessels, it nourishes the epidermis

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28
Q

What is the reticular layer?

A

part of the dermis made of collagen and elastin; contains blood vessels and sensory receptors

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29
Q

Whats another name for the hypodermis?

A

subcutaneous layer

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30
Q

What is the function of the hypodermis?

A

connect the skin to the fibrous tissue of the underlying bone and muscle

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31
Q

What is the hypodermis made of?

A

well vascularized(many blood vessels) adipose tissue

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32
Q

What is a laceration?

A

jagged cut

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33
Q

What is the healing of a laceration?

A

heals with jagged edges and more scarring than a simple incision

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34
Q

What is an abrasion?

A

skin being rubbed off by a rough surface(carpet burn/road rash)

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35
Q

What is the healing of an abrasion?

A

little to no scarring depending on depth

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36
Q

What is an avulsion?

A

piece of skin or underlying tissue that is torn loose, hanging from the body, or completely removed

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37
Q

What is the healing of an avulsion?

A

piece has to be surgically reattached or given a skin graft with moderate scarring

38
Q

What is a puncture?

A

injury that is deeper than it is wide(stab wound)

39
Q

What is the healing of a puncture?

A

surface may heal too quick but leave infection underneath, little scarring

40
Q

What is the first phase of healing?

A

the initial response to maintain homeostasis

41
Q

What do platelets do?

A

clot the blood at the site of a wound

42
Q

What cells initiate inflammation during the healing process?

A

damaged cells

43
Q

What is the second phase of healing?

A

an inflammatory response to prevent infection

44
Q

What do cells do to prevent infection?

A

immune cells cluster at the wound

45
Q

What is the third phase of healing?

A

growing phase to restore the wound(proliferative phase)

46
Q

What two things form around a wound in the third phase of healing?

A

new blood vessels and a temporary extracellular matrix

47
Q

What is the fourth phase of healing?

A

remodeling phase where tissue strength/function is restored

48
Q

What two things are involved in healthy wound healing?

A

fibroblasts and macrophages

49
Q

What is the order of the healing phases?

A

bleeding->inflammation->proliferation->remodeling

50
Q

Whats the definition of a burn?

A

tissue damaged by heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals

51
Q

What is the immediate threat of burns?

A

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, leading to renal shutdown and circulatory shock

52
Q

What is a full thickness burn?

A

burn that results in obstruction of all layers of skin, and sometimes the underlying muscle and bones

53
Q

What is damaged in a first degree burn?

A

epidermis only

54
Q

What does a first degree burn look like?

A

localized redness, swelling, and pain

55
Q

What is damaged in a second degree burn?

A

epidermis and upper dermis

56
Q

What does a second degree burn look like?

A

blisters will have appeared

57
Q

What type of burn is a third degree burn?

A

a full thickness burn

58
Q

What does a third degree burn look like?

A

skin turns gray/white, cherry red, or blackened

58
Q

Why doesnt third degree burns swell or feel pain?

A

because the nerve endings are destroyed

59
Q

What type of burn is a fourth degree burn?

A

full thickness burn that also effects underlying bones and muscles

60
Q

What does a fourth degree burn look like?

A

charred and black

61
Q

What is the most common result of fourth degree burns?

A

loss of burned part

61
Q

Is regeneration possible after a fourth degree burn?

62
Q

What is the required treatment after fourth degree burns?

A

skin grafting

63
Q

What is the rule of nines?

A

tool used by healthcare proffesionals to access the total body surface area involved in burn patients

64
Q

What the surface area of the head and neck?

64
Q

What is the surface area of the front torso?

65
Q

What is the surface area of the back torso?

66
Q

What is the surface area of the backs of the arm?

67
Q

What is the surface area of the fronts of the arm?

68
Q

What is the surface area of the back of the leg?

69
Q

What is the surface area of the front of the leg?

70
Q

what is the surface area of the genetalia?

71
Q

What is the purpose of the parkland formula?

A

to calculate the amount of fluid that should be administered to critically burned patients

72
Q

What burns is the parkland formula usually used on?

A

2nd degree burns and more

73
Q

What is the equation for the parkland formula?

A

4mL x patients weight(kg) x TBSA burned

74
Q

What fluid is given to burn patients?

A

Lactated ringers/ isotonic solution used for aggressive fluid resuscitation

75
Q

At what rate is fluid given to burn patients?

A

half of the total fluid is given in the first 8 hours; second have is given in the next 16 hours

76
Q

What is the most common complication in wounds?

77
Q

What complication should always be considered in flame burns?

A

inhalation injury

78
Q

What may be needed for full thickness burns that are causing constriction?

A

an escharotomy

79
Q

What is common in full thickness burns

80
Q

What are the long term effects of sever burns?

A

decreased bonse density and muscle mass

81
Q

What is the first step of immediate care for burns?

A

stop burning process (remove heat/douse chemical burn)

82
Q

What is the second step of immediate care for burns?

A

cool burn with room temp water for 10-20 mins

83
Q

What is the third step of immediate care for burns?

A

remove clothing/jewelry from the area

84
Q

What is the fourth step of immediate care for burns?

A

cover burn with a clean dry dressing or cloth

85
Q

what is the fifth step of immediate care for burns?

A

seek medical attention for severe burns

86
Q

Three major types of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma

87
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Least malignant and most common
Stratum basale cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis and hypodermis
Cured by surgical excision in 99% of cases

sdfxgc (12 decks)

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