joint actions

Question 1

Joint Actions

Question 2

Flexion

Answer 2

Decreasing the angle between two bones (e.g., bending the elbow).

Question 3

Extension:

Answer 3

Increasing the angle between two bones (e.g., straightening the knee).

Question 4

Abduction:

Answer 4

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body (e.g., raising the arms laterally).

Question 5

Adduction:

Answer 5

Moving a limb toward the midline of the body (e.g., lowering the arms back to the sides).

Question 6

Rotation:

Answer 6

Moving a bone around its axis (e.g., rotating the head or the forearm).

Question 7

Circumduction:

Answer 7

A circular movement at a joint (e.g., moving the arm in a circular motion at the shoulder).

Question 8

Pronation and Supination:

Answer 8

Rotational movements of the forearm; pronation turns the palm down, supination turns it up.

Question 9

medial

Answer 9

towards the midline of the body

Question 10

lateral

Answer 10

away from the midline of the body

Question 11

hyperextension

Answer 11

the forceful extension of a limb or joint beyond its normal limits, either in exercise or therapy or so as to cause injury.