Jeopardy Exam #3 Flashcards
What are the pros/cons of using a nasal cannula?
pros- convenient, good for up to 6 liters of o2
cons- drying, pressure areas
What is a disadvantage of the face mask?
pts may experience claustrophobia
What are the pros/cons of a face tent?
pros- humidity
cons- not precise o2
What is the advantage of a venturi face mask?
it delivers the prescribed about of o2
What is a non-rebreather mask used for and what are nursing interventions?
- used for short term therapy
- precise and highest amounts of o2
interventions: inflate bag before applying and monitor for toxicity
What does humidifying o2 do for the patient?
moistens dry oxygen and keeps secretions thin and mobile
*sterile water must be used
What is the priority for the nurse when caring for a patient with dyspnea?
-position in high fowlers or orthopneic
What is albuterol and what does it do to vs? Common side effect?
- bronchodilator (rescue inhaler not a steroid inhaler for daily use)
- increases heart rate and CNS
- side effect: bad taste, rinse
What is hypoxemia vs hypoxia?
hypoxemia- low o2 in blood
hypoxia- low o2 in tissues
What is hypercarbaria (capnia) vs hypocarbaria (capnia)?
high co2
low co2
What are the s/s of alterations in oxygenation?
- SOB
- tachypnea
- hypertension
- increased heart rate
- restlessness/confusion
- cyanosis
- clubbing
- irregular breathing patterns such as cheyne-stokes and kussmaul
What is the pitting edema scale?
0=0mm 1+=2mm 2+=4mm 3+=6mm 4+=8mm
What are the fat-soluble vitamins? What are some foods we find vitamin K in?
Vitamins A, D, E, K
K Foods: leafy greens, vegetables, fish, liver, meat, eggs, cereals
What are water-soluble vitamins? What are some foods we find vitamin C in?
Vitamins B1-12 and vitamin C
C Foods: citrus, tomatoes, potatoes
What are two of the most commonly monitored minerals? What are some foods we find these minerals in?
Iron- beans/lentils, dark leafy greens, cereals, whole grains, tofu, cashews
Calcium- dairy, leafy greens, breads made with fortified flour
What are the various types of diets clients can be put on?
**GET EXAMPLES
- regular
- clear liquids- juice counts
- full liquid
- soft solids
- low roughage
- high protein
- diabetic diet
- DASH diet
What lab value indicates a potassium deficiency? What are the common causes of hypokalemia?
- K+ level of < 3.5
- diuretics
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- gastric suctioning
- steroid administration
- hyperaldosteronism
- anorexia/bulemia
What are the terms for a sodium imbalance? What are the normal lab values?
- hypo/hypernatremia
- normal lab values 135-145
What are the terms for a calcium imbalance? Normal lab values?
- hypo/hypercalcemia
- normal lab values 8.5-10.3
What are the terms for potassium imbalance? Normal lab values?
- hypo/hyperkalemia
- normal lab values 3.6-5.2
What is sensible vs insensible fluid loss? Examples?
Sensible- can be measured
ex: urine, vomit, liquid stools
Insensible- cannot be measured
ex: perspiration, weeping edema, moisture exhaled
What are s/s of dehydration?
- thirst
- increased heart rate
- vasoconstriction increases BP
- sunken eyeballs
- tenting skin turgor
What are s/s of fluid volume excess?
Hypervolemia
- elevated BP
- bounding pulse
- shallow respirations
- cool, pale skin
- distended jugular veins
What objective data do you gather when assessing fluid status of a client?
- daily weights
- vital signs
- I/O flow sheets
- edema
- breathing pattern
What clients are at risk for constipation?
- older adults
- sedentary lifestyle
- inadequate intake of fluid and fiber
- ignoring urge to defecate
What terms do we use to describe bowel sounds?
- positive bowel sounds in all four quadrants
- hypoactive
- hyperactive
- no bowel sounds (listen for 5 mins)
**What are the different types of laxatives?
Stool sofenters (colace)
Stimulants (bisacodyl)
Osmotic type (miralax)
Psyllium (metamucil)
What is a FOBT? What causes a false positive?
Fecal Occult Blood Test
- detects blood in the stool
- red meat, chicken, raw veg, ASA, warfarin
What is the difference between care for sensory overload, deficit, and deprivation?
sensory overload- simple explanations, quiet environment, calming music
sensory deficit- impaired functioning in one or more senses
sensory deprivation- spinal cord injury, CNS disease, brain damage, isolation, immobility
