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NUR120 > Experiencing Health and Illness, Health Promotion > Flashcards

Experiencing Health and Illness, Health Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

***What is health?

A

Health is a matter of perception.

  • a high level of physical, mental, and social functioning
  • adaptive maintenance of daily functioning
  • absence of illness
  • *even someone who has a terminal illness can be considered healthy if there is a high level of functioning, is coping, and actively making efforts to improve status
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2
Q

How is illness typically described?

A

How it makes a person feel. Its a disruption of health.

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3
Q

What things move a person on health-illness continuum? (3)

A

A person’s position moves back and forth with physiological changes, lifestyle choices, and results of therapies

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4
Q

What is Dunn’s health grid? What does it predict?

A

(1959) plots a person’s status on the health-illness continuum against environmental conditions. Predicts the likelihood that a client will have a change in health status. Looks like a four quadrant grid.

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5
Q

What is Neuman’s continuum?

A

(2002) Energy the person has available is placed on the continuum as either high-energy (wellness) or low energy (illness)

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6
Q

***What factors affect health and illness? (12)

A

Age, Genetic Makeup, Nutrition, Physical Activity, Sleep and rest, and Meaningful work, Lifestyle choices, personal relationships, culture, religion, environmental factors, finances

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7
Q

What factors disrupt health?

A

disease, physical injury, mental illness, pain, loss, impending death, competing demands, the unknown, imbalance, and isolation

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8
Q

What are the five stages of illness behavior?

A

Experiencing symptoms, sick role behavior, seeking professional care, dependence on others, recovery

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9
Q

How does hardiness influence illness behavior?

A

developing a very strong positive force to live also willingness to draw on resources, willing to seek out information and take initiative

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10
Q

How does intensity, duration, and multiplicity influence illness behavior?

A

Dealing will multiple health disruptions can breakdown what might otherwise be excellent coping skills

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11
Q

***Acute vs Chronic Illness

A

Acute- occurs suddenly and last a short time

Chronic- lasts for a long period of time (6mos+), requires life changes

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12
Q

***Remission vs Exacerbation

A

Remission- symptoms are minimal to none

Exacerbation- symptoms intensify (flare up)

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13
Q

Why do we work on health promotion?

A

It helps people develop a state of physical, spiritual, and mental well-being. Useful to all individuals because it encourages optimal function

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14
Q

What is Healthy People 2020 and what does it outline?

A

National initiative to address the effect of lifestyle on health by creating improvement goals to eliminate health disparities

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15
Q

***What is primary health prevention?

A

prevents disease (immunizations)

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16
Q

***What is secondary health prevention?

A

detect and treat illness in early stages (screening, mammograms)

17
Q

***What is tertiary health prevention?

A

stop disease progression, return to pre-illness state (rehab)

18
Q

What health behaviors increase risk of illness?

A

teen pregnancy, drug/alcohol abuse, tobacco use, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle

19
Q

What are the three variables in Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM)?

A

individual characteristics
behavior specific cognitions and affect
behavioral outcome

20
Q

What is the concept of the Wheel of Wellness?

A

When one spoke of the wheel is broken the whole wheel is broken
“Spokes” are emotional, intellectual, physical, spiritual, social/family, occupational

21
Q

How does change occur in the Transtheoretical Model of Change?

A

Precontemplation (no intent to change), Contemplation (decision to change), Preparation (baby steps), Action (implement plan), Maintenance (reinforce behavior), Termination (no danger of relapse)

22
Q

What did Hans Selye propose?

A

stress triggers physiological responses that may induce illness. Perform a life-stress review for patients.

23
Q

What are some nursing interventions for health promotion?

A

Role Modeling, Counseling, Health Education, and supporting lifestyle changes

24
Q

What are guidelines for lipid screening?

A

20+ once q 5 yrs, if cholesterol is 200mg/dL then more frequent monitoring is required
9-11 is recommended
2-8 is recommended if a family member had heart disease

25
Q

***What are guidelines for colon cancer screening?

A

Men and women should have a fecal occult blood test or colonoscopy starting at age 50 and every ten years thereafter

26
Q

***What are guidelines for breast cancer screening?

A
  • women should conduct a breast self-exams regularly
  • clinical breast exams should be done as part of a comprehensive physical assessment
  • mammograms should be done every 2 years beginning at age 50 for women who are average risk
27
Q

What are guidelines for cervical cancer screening?

A

21-29- pap smear q 3 yrs (no HPV test unless abnormal pap)
30-65 pap smear and HPV q 5 yrs
65+ with regular pap results should not be screened

28
Q

What are the guidelines for testicular cancer screening?

A

Men should self-exam

29
Q

***What are the guidelines for prostate cancer screening?

A
  • discuss screening at age 50+ (40-45 if there are risk factors)
  • DRE (digital rectal exam) can be performed by the HCP if consented
  • PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test can be done and if the result is 2.5ng/ml or less they should retest every 2 years. If the result is 2.5ng/ml or greater it should be done every year
30
Q

***What are the guidelines for skin cancer screening?

A

Any health assessment- use A (asymmetry) B (border irregularity) C (color variability) D (diameter greater than 6mm)

31
Q

What do health promotion nursing diagnosis’ look like?

A

readiness for enhanced… NO ETIOLOGY

32
Q

***What are the nursing skills essential in promoting health and wellness?

A
  • assessment
  • care
  • concern
  • communication
  • observation
  • creativity
  • recognize client strengths and set realistic goals
33
Q

***What are health promotion programs?

A

Disseminating- information to individual, group, or community classes
Changing- lifestyle or behaviors
Protecting- the environment (air and water)
Assessing- wellness and determining health risk

34
Q

***How often should comprehensive physical exams happen?

A

every 3 years until age 40, then every year

35
Q

***What are health screenings that should be performed for middle adults?

A

comprehensive PE, BP screening, blood glucose, stress, mammograms, DRE and PSA, colonoscopy, bone density, skin cancer screening, abuse

36
Q

***What should a health promotion assessment include?

A

the individuals health beliefs

NUR120 (17 decks)

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