Experiencing Health and Illness, Health Promotion Flashcards
***What is health?
Health is a matter of perception.
- a high level of physical, mental, and social functioning
- adaptive maintenance of daily functioning
- absence of illness
- *even someone who has a terminal illness can be considered healthy if there is a high level of functioning, is coping, and actively making efforts to improve status
How is illness typically described?
How it makes a person feel. Its a disruption of health.
What things move a person on health-illness continuum? (3)
A person’s position moves back and forth with physiological changes, lifestyle choices, and results of therapies
What is Dunn’s health grid? What does it predict?
(1959) plots a person’s status on the health-illness continuum against environmental conditions. Predicts the likelihood that a client will have a change in health status. Looks like a four quadrant grid.
What is Neuman’s continuum?
(2002) Energy the person has available is placed on the continuum as either high-energy (wellness) or low energy (illness)
***What factors affect health and illness? (12)
Age, Genetic Makeup, Nutrition, Physical Activity, Sleep and rest, and Meaningful work, Lifestyle choices, personal relationships, culture, religion, environmental factors, finances
What factors disrupt health?
disease, physical injury, mental illness, pain, loss, impending death, competing demands, the unknown, imbalance, and isolation
What are the five stages of illness behavior?
Experiencing symptoms, sick role behavior, seeking professional care, dependence on others, recovery
How does hardiness influence illness behavior?
developing a very strong positive force to live also willingness to draw on resources, willing to seek out information and take initiative
How does intensity, duration, and multiplicity influence illness behavior?
Dealing will multiple health disruptions can breakdown what might otherwise be excellent coping skills
***Acute vs Chronic Illness
Acute- occurs suddenly and last a short time
Chronic- lasts for a long period of time (6mos+), requires life changes
***Remission vs Exacerbation
Remission- symptoms are minimal to none
Exacerbation- symptoms intensify (flare up)
Why do we work on health promotion?
It helps people develop a state of physical, spiritual, and mental well-being. Useful to all individuals because it encourages optimal function
What is Healthy People 2020 and what does it outline?
National initiative to address the effect of lifestyle on health by creating improvement goals to eliminate health disparities
***What is primary health prevention?
prevents disease (immunizations)
***What is secondary health prevention?
detect and treat illness in early stages (screening, mammograms)
***What is tertiary health prevention?
stop disease progression, return to pre-illness state (rehab)
What health behaviors increase risk of illness?
teen pregnancy, drug/alcohol abuse, tobacco use, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle
What are the three variables in Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM)?
individual characteristics
behavior specific cognitions and affect
behavioral outcome
What is the concept of the Wheel of Wellness?
When one spoke of the wheel is broken the whole wheel is broken
“Spokes” are emotional, intellectual, physical, spiritual, social/family, occupational
How does change occur in the Transtheoretical Model of Change?
Precontemplation (no intent to change), Contemplation (decision to change), Preparation (baby steps), Action (implement plan), Maintenance (reinforce behavior), Termination (no danger of relapse)
What did Hans Selye propose?
stress triggers physiological responses that may induce illness. Perform a life-stress review for patients.
What are some nursing interventions for health promotion?
Role Modeling, Counseling, Health Education, and supporting lifestyle changes
What are guidelines for lipid screening?
20+ once q 5 yrs, if cholesterol is 200mg/dL then more frequent monitoring is required
9-11 is recommended
2-8 is recommended if a family member had heart disease
***What are guidelines for colon cancer screening?
Men and women should have a fecal occult blood test or colonoscopy starting at age 50 and every ten years thereafter
***What are guidelines for breast cancer screening?
- women should conduct a breast self-exams regularly
- clinical breast exams should be done as part of a comprehensive physical assessment
- mammograms should be done every 2 years beginning at age 50 for women who are average risk
What are guidelines for cervical cancer screening?
21-29- pap smear q 3 yrs (no HPV test unless abnormal pap)
30-65 pap smear and HPV q 5 yrs
65+ with regular pap results should not be screened
What are the guidelines for testicular cancer screening?
Men should self-exam
***What are the guidelines for prostate cancer screening?
- discuss screening at age 50+ (40-45 if there are risk factors)
- DRE (digital rectal exam) can be performed by the HCP if consented
- PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test can be done and if the result is 2.5ng/ml or less they should retest every 2 years. If the result is 2.5ng/ml or greater it should be done every year
***What are the guidelines for skin cancer screening?
Any health assessment- use A (asymmetry) B (border irregularity) C (color variability) D (diameter greater than 6mm)
What do health promotion nursing diagnosis’ look like?
readiness for enhanced… NO ETIOLOGY
***What are the nursing skills essential in promoting health and wellness?
- assessment
- care
- concern
- communication
- observation
- creativity
- recognize client strengths and set realistic goals
***What are health promotion programs?
Disseminating- information to individual, group, or community classes
Changing- lifestyle or behaviors
Protecting- the environment (air and water)
Assessing- wellness and determining health risk
***How often should comprehensive physical exams happen?
every 3 years until age 40, then every year
***What are health screenings that should be performed for middle adults?
comprehensive PE, BP screening, blood glucose, stress, mammograms, DRE and PSA, colonoscopy, bone density, skin cancer screening, abuse
***What should a health promotion assessment include?
the individuals health beliefs
