Activity and Exercise Flashcards
What is mobility?
body movement
What is fitness?
ability to carry out ADLs with vigor and alertness
What is physical acitivity?
body movement produced by skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above baseline
What is exercise?
planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful physical activity
What physiology do we need to have mobility?
- skeletal system
- muscles
- motor nervous system
What are the four components of body mechanics?
- body alignment
- balance
- coordination
- joint mobility
List 8 ways to move your body without causing injury?
- proper alignment
- wide base of support
- avoid bending and twisting
- squat to lift
- keep objects close
- raise beds
- push versus lift
- get help
***What is isometric exercise? Example?
- muscle contraction without motion
- helpful for bed bound patients, little risk of injury
example: pressing hand against a wall 6-8 second hold 5-10x
***What is isotonic exercise? Example?
- movement of the joint during muscle contraction
example: weight training (free weights), pushups, pullups, planks
***What is aerobic exercise? Example?
- oxygen taken in meets or exceeds the amount required
example: jogging, brisk walking, cycling
***What is anaerobic exercise? Example?
- oxygen taken in does not meet the amount required so muscles obtain energy from metabolic pathways that dont use oxygen
example: heavy lifting, sprinting
What are 5 benefits of exercise?
- improved cardiovascular health (lower risk of early death, stroke,)
- improved muscle tone and flexibility
- improved immune system (lower risk of colon and breast cancers)
- weight loss (lower risk of hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes)
- decreased stress (lower risk of depression)
What are the benefits of flexibility training?
- warms up muscles
- prevents injury
- cools muscles after exercise
- reduces stiffness
What are four risks of exercise?
- cardiac event
- musculoskeletal injury
- dehydration
- temperature regulation
What are signs of heat exhaustion?
- light-headed
- nausea
- fatigue
- hyperventilation
- loss of concentration
- abdominal cramps
- elevated temp with cold clammy skin
What are signs of hypothermia?
- fatigue
- confusion
- lack of coordination
What factors (4) affect mobility and activity?
- developmental stage
- nutrition
- lifestyle
- environmental factors
What are some examples of musculoskeletal disorders?
- congenital anomalies
- diseases related to bone formation or metabolism
- trauma
- problems affecting bone integrity
- CNS disorders
What would a focused history of activity and exercise include?
- usual activity
- fitness goals
- mobility problems
- underlying health problems
- lifestyle
- external factors
What would a focused physical assessment of activity and exercise include?
- vital signs
- height/weight
- BMI
- body alignment
- joint function
- gait
- muscle strength
- activity tolerance
What is the diagnosis of activity intolerance used for?
-insufficient physical energy to carry out daily activities
What is the diagnosis of impaired physical mobility used for?
-limitation of independent purposeful movement of the body
What is the diagnosis of risk for disuse syndrome used for?
-when a patient’s prescribed or unavoidable inactivity creates a risk for deterioration
What is the diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle used for?
-characterized by a low physical activity level
What are some nursing interventions to promote activity and exercise? (5)
- plan and vary exercise routine
- use buddy system and rewards
- integrate exercise into daily routines
- attain target heart rate
- use proper positioning (bed, ROM, and pillows
What are some things you can use to help a patient out of bed?
- transfer board
- mechanical lift
- gait belt
What is the purpose of quadricep and gluteal drills?
-to get patients who have been bed bound for more than a week to a conditioned level for walking
***What effects does immobility have on the body?
- joint contractures
- muscle atrophy
- kidney stones
- UTIs
- upper respiratory infections (URIs)
***What is isokinetic exercise? Example?
-special strength training using machines that set a constant pace
Example: stairclimber
***What is muscle atrophy vs hypertrophy?
Atrophy- wasting away of muscle due to disuse
Hypertrophy- building of muscle mass due to exercise
***What is paresis?
- muscle weakness caused by nerve damage or disease
- partial paralysis
***What is paralysis?
loss of ability to move
**What are contractures?
ROM of a joint becomes compromised due to muscle, tendon, or ligament tightening
