Activity and Exercise

Question 1

What is mobility?

Answer 1

body movement

Question 2

What is fitness?

Answer 2

ability to carry out ADLs with vigor and alertness

Question 3

What is physical acitivity?

Answer 3

body movement produced by skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above baseline

Question 4

What is exercise?

Answer 4

planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful physical activity

Question 5

What physiology do we need to have mobility?

Answer 5

• skeletal system
• muscles
• motor nervous system

Question 6

What are the four components of body mechanics?

Answer 6

• body alignment
• balance
• coordination
• joint mobility

Question 7

List 8 ways to move your body without causing injury?

Answer 7

• proper alignment
• wide base of support
• avoid bending and twisting
• squat to lift
• keep objects close
• raise beds
• push versus lift
• get help

Question 8

***What is isometric exercise? Example?

Answer 8

• muscle contraction without motion
• helpful for bed bound patients, little risk of injury

example: pressing hand against a wall 6-8 second hold 5-10x

Question 9

***What is isotonic exercise? Example?

Answer 9

• movement of the joint during muscle contraction

example: weight training (free weights), pushups, pullups, planks

Question 10

***What is aerobic exercise? Example?

Answer 10

• oxygen taken in meets or exceeds the amount required

example: jogging, brisk walking, cycling

Question 11

***What is anaerobic exercise? Example?

Answer 11

• oxygen taken in does not meet the amount required so muscles obtain energy from metabolic pathways that dont use oxygen
  example: heavy lifting, sprinting

Question 12

What are 5 benefits of exercise?

Answer 12

• improved cardiovascular health (lower risk of early death, stroke,)
• improved muscle tone and flexibility
• improved immune system (lower risk of colon and breast cancers)
• weight loss (lower risk of hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes)
• decreased stress (lower risk of depression)

Question 13

What are the benefits of flexibility training?

Answer 13

• warms up muscles
• prevents injury
• cools muscles after exercise
• reduces stiffness

Question 14

What are four risks of exercise?

Answer 14

• cardiac event
• musculoskeletal injury
• dehydration
• temperature regulation

Question 15

What are signs of heat exhaustion?

Answer 15

• light-headed
• nausea
• fatigue
• hyperventilation
• loss of concentration
• abdominal cramps
• elevated temp with cold clammy skin

Question 16

What are signs of hypothermia?

Answer 16

• fatigue
• confusion
• lack of coordination

Question 17

What factors (4) affect mobility and activity?

Answer 17

• developmental stage
• nutrition
• lifestyle
• environmental factors

Question 18

What are some examples of musculoskeletal disorders?

Answer 18

• congenital anomalies
• diseases related to bone formation or metabolism
• trauma
• problems affecting bone integrity
• CNS disorders

Question 19

What would a focused history of activity and exercise include?

Answer 19

• usual activity
• fitness goals
• mobility problems
• underlying health problems
• lifestyle
• external factors

Question 20

What would a focused physical assessment of activity and exercise include?

Answer 20

• vital signs
• height/weight
• BMI
• body alignment
• joint function
• gait
• muscle strength
• activity tolerance

Question 21

What is the diagnosis of activity intolerance used for?

Answer 21

-insufficient physical energy to carry out daily activities

Question 22

What is the diagnosis of impaired physical mobility used for?

Answer 22

-limitation of independent purposeful movement of the body

Question 23

What is the diagnosis of risk for disuse syndrome used for?

Answer 23

-when a patient’s prescribed or unavoidable inactivity creates a risk for deterioration

Question 24

What is the diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle used for?

Answer 24

-characterized by a low physical activity level

Question 25

What are some nursing interventions to promote activity and exercise? (5)

Answer 25

• plan and vary exercise routine
• use buddy system and rewards
• integrate exercise into daily routines
• attain target heart rate
• use proper positioning (bed, ROM, and pillows

Question 26

What are some things you can use to help a patient out of bed?

Answer 26

• transfer board
• mechanical lift
• gait belt

Question 27

What is the purpose of quadricep and gluteal drills?

Answer 27

-to get patients who have been bed bound for more than a week to a conditioned level for walking

Question 28

***What effects does immobility have on the body?

Answer 28

• joint contractures
• muscle atrophy
• kidney stones
• UTIs
• upper respiratory infections (URIs)

Question 29

***What is isokinetic exercise? Example?

Answer 29

-special strength training using machines that set a constant pace

Example: stairclimber

Question 30

***What is muscle atrophy vs hypertrophy?

Answer 30

Atrophy- wasting away of muscle due to disuse

Hypertrophy- building of muscle mass due to exercise

Question 31

***What is paresis?

Answer 31

• muscle weakness caused by nerve damage or disease

- partial paralysis

Question 32

***What is paralysis?

Answer 32

loss of ability to move

Question 33

**What are contractures?

Answer 33

ROM of a joint becomes compromised due to muscle, tendon, or ligament tightening