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PS373 Final > Jealousy / Ch. 10 - pp.404-412 > Flashcards

Jealousy / Ch. 10 - pp.404-412 Flashcards

Gloria

1
Q

Reactions to cheating (Buss) - do men and women differ in how they feel about infidelity

A
  • men were more upset about physical cheating
  • women more upset about emotional cheating
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2
Q

Evolutionary perspective for why men and women differ in feelings towards infidelity

A
  • universal phenomenon
  • men and women have different reasons for feeling jealous
  • men : paternity uncertanity
  • since men uncertain of paternity, evolution favored men who were sensitive to sexual infidelity
  • men must avoid eing “cuckholded” (raising someone elses child) meaning they should control womens sexual behavior…
  • women: differential investment
  • women invest more in parenting so evolution favored women who were more sensitive to threat of loss of investment from mate
  • women must avoid getting ill or abandoned
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3
Q

harris and christenfeld - what infidleity makes you more upset

A
  • asked ps to think of a romantic relationship, and pick either a or b of what would be more upsetting
  • a) imagine your partner trying sexual positions with that person
  • b) imagine your partner falling in love with that person
  • women way more upset by choice b than a
  • men were equally upset a both
  • they were then asked 2 more questions
  • if you imagine your partner having sex with someone else, does that mean they are in love
  • if your partner is in love with someone else, do you also think they are having sex
  • men - see that most ps, assume that sex implies love, also equally believe love implies sex
  • women - don’t really think sex implies love, but love implies sex
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4
Q

Double shot explanation - feelings towards infidelity (men v women)

A
  • double shot hypothesis: response to hypothetical infidelity based on differential implication learned through socialization
  • men so bothered by physical infidelity beasue it hurts them twice, don’t want partner having sex, because it probably means they are in love with other person - for women its the same kind of thing just in reverse, don’t want there partner in love, they are prob having sex
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5
Q

gender differences in what each type of infidelity means

A
  • men believe that womens sex implies love
  • women believe mens love implies sex
  • gender differences are due to different assumptions about sex

  • both men and women more distressed about emoitonal infidleity when it actually happens
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6
Q

Sabini and Green - what infidelity makes you most upset

(students at private school vs state school vs people at train station)

A
  • ps in 3 samples
  • undergrads at state uni
  • undergrads at private uni
  • people at train station
  • asked to imagine partner falling in love or having sex with someone else : asked which one made you more upset, angry, hurt
    Results
  • in the school samples, men reported being more upset over sex vs falling in love, whereas women reported opposite
  • in older people sample, both genders were more upset by emotional infidleity
  • men and women both reported they would be more hurt by emotional infidelity over sexual infidelity
  • when looked at anger, they would both be more angry about sex vs love
  • this suggests that when men see the word upset, they think about anger and when women see the word upset, they see hurt
  • both genders assigned more blame to partner for sexual infidleity vs emotional
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7
Q

jealousy vs envy

A

jealousy = intolerance of a rival
envy = discontent at the good fortune of another

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8
Q

dealing with romantic rivals

A
  • jealousy triggered by threat of loss of partner
  • by losing a partner to an interloper
  • loss of a rival more distressing than sheer rejection
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9
Q

study

characteristics of interloper - do men and women differ in jealousy levels

A
  • attractive person - he has some status, seems well rounded, life of party, influential to others
  • less attractive person - high status, well rounded, life of party, influential
  • attractive but less status, doesn’t take initiative, regular dude
  • less attractive less status, doesn’t take intitiative, regular guy
  • particpants were asked to imagine their partner flirting with one of these guys at a party (DV - jealousy)

Results
- female ps, attractiveness of rival bothered ps more than less good looking, status didn’t really matter
- for women, they kinda assume male ps only care about attractiveness
- for men; they are bothered by both things – most jealousy by status and attractive, but when he is kinda ugly and still has status, they are still mad just less mad
- for en; even if status is low but looks are good its an issue

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10
Q

reactions to jealousy

A
  • verbal aggression = 90% of women do, whereas 60% of men do
  • physical aggression = women reported more strongly than men
  • crying = women more likely to cry compared to men
  • getting drunk = men higher than women
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11
Q

reacting to rivals - slotter, trait study

  • the presence of a threatening rival may motivate people to try and retain their partners intrest? how
A
  • people might try to act similarly to romantic rivals
  • ps were all in relationships; they rated themselves = athletic, artisitc, warm, intelligent, funny etc
    Scenario for each; imagine your meeting your partner for lunch and they are a bit late, as you go to them, you see and overhear your partner being asked directions by a good looking person
    CONDITION 1
  • the partner provides the rival with directions and the partner thanks the rival. the partner turns around and notices p who they rush towards with a smile
    CONDITION 2
  • rival flirts with your partner, even tho partner says they are in relationship. rival comments on how cute the partner is, offering their phone number
  • during this flirtation, the partner remains cordial but rebuffs the rival, rushing toward p with a smile
    CONDITION 3
  • the partner flirts with the rival. mentioning how the rival is cute, and offering rival the phone number
  • during this, the rival is unreceptive to the partner, and the partner trugdes toward p with an annoyed look on their face
  • after this, they all viewed a pic of the rival with their personality traits (three were similar to p and one was different)
  • then they completed another personality test to see if they would add this trait

RESULTS
- ofund that when partner is flirting openly with rival, ps will change their trait
- this shows we try to become more like rivals, cognitive way to deal with threat of rival

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12
Q

beliefs about jealousy

A
  • jealousy in an emotional reaction to perceived or real threat
  • jealousy is harmful to relationship quality
  • trigger for IPV
  • some people see jealousy as a sign of love
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13
Q

making our partner jealous

A
  • 75% of people report doing this
  • why:
  • to seek reward
  • to test relationship
  • to bolster self esteem
  • to improve relationship
  • for fun lol
  • to punish partner
  • revenge
  • to teach a lesson
  • for control
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14
Q

how do people induce jealousy

relational distancing

A
  • make plans with own group of friends without partner, vague about plans and people we are with, say we are too busy to hang, make plans with rivals
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15
Q

how do people induce jealousy

flirtation facade

A
  • people trying to mislead partners by making them think others were interested, sending themselves flowers, leave fake numbers for partner to find, leave pics of other people
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16
Q

how to induce jealousy

highlight alternatives

A
  • tell partner about all the options, talk about past partners, compare partner, tell partner others are flirting with you
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17
Q

Behavioral reactions to jealousy

A
  • feel angry, anxious and hurt and worry partner will leave them
  • feel guility
  • feel embarrassed about being insecure
  • engage in negtive behaviors they will regret (snoop,, yell)
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18
Q

Mate Guarding

A
  • behaviors that are driven by desire to minimize jealoiusy
  • mate guarding beaviors keep partners close
  • Inersexual directed at ones own mate - things you do to partner to make sure they stay close
  • intrasexual directed at same sex rivals - make sure everyone knows your partner is off limits
19
Q

INTERSEXUAL mate guarding

A
  • direct mate guarding, directed at own mate
  • viligance - calling partner unexpectedly, wanting to know location
  • concelament of mate - taking partner away from party where other same sex rivals may be- lets go do something else
  • monopolizing time - want to spend all their time with partner
20
Q

INTERSEXUAL NEGATIVE INDUENCMENTS

A
  • infidelity threat: flirt with ohter in front of partner, if you cheat on me ill cheat on you
  • punishing mates infidelity threat - get angry with partner for fliritng
  • emotional manipulation - make partner feel bad for talking to opposite sex members
  • derogation of competitiors - inuslting same sex rivals infront of partner
  • violence
21
Q

intersexual positive inducements

A
  • resource display - give gifts to partner
  • sexual inducements - giving into partners sexual request
  • appearance enhancement - dressing nicely, grooming
  • submisison and debasement - doing whatever partner wants
22
Q

INTRASEXUAL mate guarding

A
  • public signals of possession
  • verbal signals - loudly introduce as bf or gf
  • physical signals - holdings hands in front of same sex rival
  • possessive ornamentation - giving partner visible jewellry to show this person is taken
23
Q

Intrasexual negative inducements

A
  • derogation of one’s own mate to same sex rivals - complain about partner to rival
  • intrasexual threats - yelling at same sex rivals
  • violence towards same sex rivals
24
Q

Mate Guarding and Deterring Rivals (Wang)

women study - purse logo

A

4 conditions
- mate guarding condition - women imagined themselves at a party with a date and noticing another women flirting with date while he is getting drinks
- mate attraction condition - women imagiend themselves single and on vacation meeting an attractive mate
- neutral condition - women imagined themselves doing laundry
- negative condiition - women imagined themselves looking for lost keys
- ps asked to indicate fav brand of luxury hangbags, shoes, t shirts and sports cares
- given blank image of each and asked to draw logo of favorite brand
- size of logo (visually distinct) indicates resources of partner to provide for them

RESULTS
- women in mate guarding condition drew larger logos for luxury goods
- follow up study found that women who imagined male partner fliritng also reported more willingness to spend money on cars, shoes, and jewelry relative to control ps
- WHY?
- women who are feelings jealous have implict preference for luxury products as a way to signal to potential rivals that they have a partner that is able and willing to devote resources to them
- a form of intrasexual deterrence

25
Q

mate guarding and gender

A
  • men who mate guard more have sex with their partners more frequently
  • men mate guard more when married to younger and attractive wives
  • women mate guard more when husbands have higher income
  • men guard mates more when they are closer to ovulation
  • women mate guard more against rivals who are ovulating
26
Q
A
27
Q

Mate guarding study (thrusting)

A
  • one study found that men with more attractive female partners reported last sexual intercourse to be longer and also reported thrusting more deeply
  • this behavior serves to displace semen of a potential rival
28
Q

mate guarding - sex after not seeing partner for a bit

A
  • one study found that the less time men had spent from their female partner since last sexual encounter, the more they found their partners attractive and were interested in having sex
29
Q

frequency of mate poaching

A
  • asked, knowing from the start, that a person was already in an exclusive relationship, have you ever attempted to attract this person as a short-term sexual partner
  • men 54%
  • women 24%
  • then asked, even if you did not initally know that a person whom you were attempting to attract was already in an exclusive relationship, have you, after finding out about the person’s existing relationship, ever continuted to pursue this person as a short-term sexual partner
  • men 40%
  • women 27%
30
Q

mate poaching

A
  • mate poaching is risky
  • risk retaliation from the poachee’s current partner
  • also risk reputational damage if they become known as serial poacher
  • mate poachers often try to disguise their efforts
  • they may initiate friendships with poachee first
  • they select targets who are easier to poach
  • mate poachers may be higher in risk taking, competitiveness, manipulatitiveness and narcisissim
31
Q

moran and wade - mate poaching -

A
  • male ps shown 3 pics of a man sitting with his arm around a women
  • manipulated differences in attractiveness
  • results showed that women was rated easiest to poach when with a man less attractive than she was
32
Q

does mate poaching work?

A
  • mate poachers have more lifetime sex and more dating partners than non-poachers
  • moght be because they target less committed people
  • power of reciprocity
33
Q

3 feelings that describe jealousy the best

A
  • hurt, anger and fear
34
Q

Reactive Jealousy

A
  • occurs when someone becomes aware of an actual threat to a valued relationship
  • the troubling threat may not be a current event; it may have occurred in the past, or it may be anticipated in the near future
  • reactive jealousy always occurs in response to anactual realistic danger
34
Q

Who is prone to jealousy

A
  • on the whole, men and women do not differ in their jealous tendencies
  • one obvious precursor of jealousy is dependence on a relationship
  • when people feel they need a particular partner because they have low CLalt, any threat to their relationship is really not good
  • people who have desirable alternatives seem to be less jealous
  • jealusy increases with feelings of inadequacy in a relationship
34
Q

Suspicious jealousy

A
  • occurs when one’s partner hasn’t misbehaved and one’s suspicions do not fit the facts at hand
  • suspicious jealousy results in worried and mistrustful vigilance and snooping as the jealous partner seeks to confrim his or her suspicions
  • this jealousy can range from a mildly overactive imagination to outright paranoia
34
Q

who gets jealous pt 2

A
  • if one partner is more desirable than the other (maybe better looking or more rich), the less desirable partner is a less valuable mate- potential problem for jealousy
  • the less desirable partner is likely to be aware that others could be a better match for their lover, and that may cause a sense of inadequacy that does not exist in other areas of their life
35
Q

attachment styles and jealousy

A
  • attachment styles influence jealousy
  • people least affected when a relationship is threatened are typically those with a dismissing style of attachment - feeling self-sufficient and trying not to depend on others is a way to stay immune to jealousy
36
Q

personality traits and jealousy

A
  • people who are high in negative affect, are particularly prone to jealousy
  • aggreable people, cooperative and trusting are less likely to be jealous
37
Q

Who gets us jealous

A

-evolution perspective: suggests that jealousy evolved to motivate behavior desinged to protect our close relationships from the interference of others
- jealousy offered reproductive advantages in the past, now jealousy is a natural ingrained reaction to that is hard to avoid

38
Q

jealousy x secure attachment x preoccupied

A
  • when they become jealousy, peolpe who are relatively comfortable with closeness-secure or preoccupied attachment-are more likey to express their concerns and try to repair their relationships than are those with more avoidant styles
  • people who are dismissing or fearful are more likely to avoid the issue or deny their distress, acting like nothings wrong
39
Q

if your man kisses his ex on cheek study

A
  • partners old bf or gf happens to come by and sits for a min, and they are a light kiss of greeting just as you return with the drinks, what would you do
  • showed people videotapes of a scenario like this and measured their intentions.
  • Women said they would react to the rival’s interference by seeking to improve the relationship; they intended to put on a show of indfference but compete with the rival by making themselves more attractive to their partners
  • men said they would strive to protect their egos; they planned to get drunk, confront and threaten the rival, and purse other women
  • women seemed to focus on perserving the existing relationship, men considered leaving it and savinf their wounded pride with conquests of new partners
  • sex differences such as these have also been obtained in other studies and one thing that makes them worrisome is that women are more likely than tmen to try to get their partner jealous
40
Q

mate poach friendship

A

People in friendships with people trying to poach them become less committed to romantic partners over time - got people in opposite sex friendships and asked if you would ever date your friend - one sees as friendship and one found as a poaching opportunity

One study showed that ps who were flirted with by an attractive confederate reported more desire and fantasizing about having sex with people other than romantic partner

People in mate poached relationships report lower relationship quality, less trust, more jealousy and are more likely to commit infidelity

41
Q

losing partner to rival potentially

A

Fear of losing partner to rival is really distressing, it threatens relationship and self-esteem
Jealousy and infidelity are closely related and are a leading cause of relationship dissolution

PS373 Final (6 decks)

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