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PS373 Final > Communication / Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Communication / Chapter 5 Flashcards

Meg

1
Q

Couple spend about ___ hours a week in communication with one another

A

14

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2
Q

Couples who communicate with _____, ______, and ______ experience higher relationship quality than couples who communicate with ______, ______, and _____

A

warmth, positivity, affection; anger, hostility, contempt

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3
Q

What are the 2 challenges of communication?

A

Encoding and decoding

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4
Q

What is encoding?

A

communicating effectively to someone

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5
Q

What is decoding?

A

Accurately interpreting what someone is trying to communicate with you

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6
Q

The _____ and ____ of a couple’s communications predicts their relationship well-being

A

sensitivity and accuracy

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7
Q

Study: Gender and Communication (Noller) - Encoding and Decoding

What was the study about?

A

married couples’ abilility to encode and decode

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8
Q

Study: Gender and Communication (Noller) - Encoding and Decoding

What were the main findings in terms of gender and encoding/decoding?

A

Wives are better encoders (especially positive messages)

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9
Q

Study: Gender and Communication (Noller) - Encoding and Decoding

What were the implications of this study?

A

Might explain why communication difficulties are associated with marital quality

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10
Q

Follow-up Study: Gender and Communication (Noller) - Encoding and Decoding

What was the study about?

A

Shown a video of strangers sending similar messages

Married people decoded someone who was not their spouse

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11
Q

Follow-up Study: Gender and Communication (Noller) - Encoding and Decoding

What were the main findings?

A

marital satisfaction and decoding abilities were unrelated

dissatisfied couples show differences in performance, not skill; low marital quality worse at decoding spouse than stranger

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12
Q

What is empathetic accuracy?

A

the ability to correctly infer another person’s thoughts and emotions

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13
Q

T/F: there are gender differences in empathetic accuracy

A

Controversial - some studies = no difference, some find women better than men

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14
Q

Empathetic Accuracy Study: Motivation or Ability? (Klein & Hodges)

What was the study about?

A

undergraduate students
3 conditions: control, feedback on performance, money ($2) for each correct response

watched a video of a female discussing academic problem

participants asked to infer what the person was thinking/feeling in the moment

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15
Q

Empathetic Accuracy Study: Motivation or Ability? (Klein & Hodges)

What were the main findings?

A

motivation (feedback or money) eliminates gender differences for decoding

extra motivation (money) makes people more accurate

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16
Q

Most relationships begin with a form of ______ communication

A

nonverbal

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17
Q

What are the highest rated pickup lines among women (from men)?

A
  1. hi
  2. do you want to dance?
  3. want to play frisbee?
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18
Q

what are the highest rated pickup lines among men (from women)?

A
  1. sitting along - care to join?
  2. hi
  3. help me start my car?
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19
Q

What are the lowest rated pickup lines among women (from men)?

A
  1. is that your hair?
  2. bet i can outdrink you
  3. notice me throwing a football?
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20
Q

what are the lowest rated pickup lines among men (from women)?

A
  1. meeting in past life
  2. long time since i had a boyfriend
  3. gorgeous chassis, can i look under the hood?
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21
Q

T/F: people generally prefer indirect pickup lines

A

False

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22
Q

T/F: Opening lines that are intended to be cute or flippant are consistently rated as the least appealing

A

True

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23
Q

T/F: Women rate sexually loaded pickup lines even more negatively than direct requests for sex

A

True

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24
Q

Study: Asking people out on campus (Clark and Hatfield)

What was the study about?

A

undergraduate students

asking:
1. “would you go out with me tonight?”
2. “would you come to my apartment tonight?”
3. “want to have sex tonight?”

assessing gender differences for direct requests for sex

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25
Q

Study: Asking people out on campus (Clark and Hatfield)

What were the main findings?

A

Men more receptive than women to direct requests for sex

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26
Q

What are two factors associated with men being more receptive than women to direct requests for sex?

A

Evolution: men are more comfortable with casual sex

Socialization: women are socialized to be sexually conservative

27
Q

What are 3 things women perceive in men who make sexual propositions?

A
  1. more dangerous
  2. more likely to have STD
  3. less likely to pleasure them
28
Q

What are two examples of how people communicate to initiate sex?

A

direct and indirect

29
Q

These are examples of _____?

“are you sleepy?”
- lying on bed
- kissing
- touching

A

nonverbal sexual communication

30
Q

T/F: Most consent happens verbally

A

False

31
Q

T/F: Couples who communicate well with
one another about sex tend to feel happier about their sex lives, and happier about their relationship in general

A

True

32
Q

T/F: those who share more
about their sexual preferences with their partners tend to be less satisfied with their sex lives

A

False

33
Q

What are 4 reasons why people have difficulty communicating about sex?

A
  1. worry about unshared preferences
  2. believe it is unnecessary
  3. ashamed/embarassed
  4. worry about making partner feel inadequate
34
Q

Study: Sexual self-disclosure (MacNeil & Byers)

What was the study about?

A

104 couples, most married on avg 15yrs

amount of self-disclosure

rated sexual satisfaction

35
Q

Study: Sexual self-disclosure (MacNeil & Byers)

What are the main findings?

A

most couples dont communicate

understood 62% of likes and only 26% of dislikes

more disclosure = more sexual satisfaction (effect 6x bigger for men)

more inaccuracy = less satisfying sex and less orgasms (women)

36
Q

Communication is important for what 4 relationship processes?

A

attraction, intimacy, partner regulation, sex, (and more)

37
Q

T/F: communication is closely linked to relationship quality

A

True

38
Q

Communication is particularily important in _____

A

conflict

39
Q

What was the outcome for the in-class demonstration for disclosure and liking?

A

high disclosure vs. low disclosure and feelings of closeness

subjective closeness is higher in high disclosure condition

40
Q

The in-class demonstration was based on ____’s study of interpersonal closeness

A

Aron

41
Q

What is social penetration theory?

A

relationships develop through changes in communication

42
Q

According to penetration theory, as relationships develop there is an increase in _______ and _______.

A

breadth, depth

43
Q

Social penetration theory: what is breadth?

A

the number of topics people talk about

44
Q

Social penetration theory: what is depth?

A

the personal meaning of the topics they discuss

45
Q

What is the interpersonal process model of intimacy?

A

Only disclosing is not enough to build intimacy, people must be responsive (understanding, validating, caring)

46
Q

Partner regulation also means …..

A

communicating for change

47
Q

People in relationships communicate strategically to ___________, and _____________

A

convey what they are thinking and feeling; improve relationships

48
Q

Study: Partner regulation (overall)

What is the study about?

A

couples identify something they want to change in partner, assessed strategies of communication (e.g., directness)

Assessed short- and long-term effectiveness

49
Q

Study: Partner regulation (overall)

What did they find?

A

women use more negative communication strategies

in short-term - direct/negative least successful, indirect/positive most successful

long-term - direct strategies produced greater change (even negative ones)

50
Q

In the long-term, what communication strategies are most successful for partner regulation?

A

direct

51
Q

In the short-term, what communication strategies are most successful for partner regulation?

A

indirect/positive

52
Q

In the short-term, what communication strategies are least successful for partner regulation?

A

direct/negative

53
Q

What are the two communication styles that are direct/negative?

A

Coercion and autocracy

54
Q

What are the two communication styles that are indirect/negative?

A

manipulation and supplication

55
Q

rational reasoning is a _____/______ communication style

A

direct/positive

56
Q

soft positive is a ____/____ communication style

A

indirectpositive

57
Q

What is a coercion (direct/negative) communication style?

A

-Derogate partner (criticize, belittle, insult)
-Threaten partner (i.e., withhold love)
-Display negative affect (anger, irritation)
-Accuse/blame partner

58
Q

What is an autocracy (direct/negative) communication style?

A

-Demand partner think, feel, behave a certain way
-Talk from position of authority
- Attempt to exert superiority

59
Q

What is a manipulative (indirect/negative) communication style?

A

-Attempt to make partner feel guilty
-Remind them of your past favours and their past
transgressions
-Appeal to partner’s love and concern

60
Q

What is a supplication (indirect/negative) communication style?

A

-Express emotional hurt (tears, pouting)
-Debase self (portray self as less wroth than
partner)
-Emphasize negative consequences of situation
for partner

61
Q

What communication style is this?

  • Soften persuasion attempts (i.e., minimize
    problem, point out partner’s strengths)
  • Encourage partner to explain their point of view
  • Validate partner’s views
  • Humor
A

soft positive (indirect/positive)

62
Q

What communication style is this?

-Use and seek factual/accurate information
-Use logic and rational arguments
-Explain behavior and point of view

A

Rational reasoning (direct/positive)

63
Q

T/F: men use more negative strategies than women

A

False

PS373 Final (6 decks)

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