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ECBHM > JDS > Flashcards

JDS Flashcards

1
Q

What did Malik et al say about heat treatment of colostrum

April 22

A

Low heat treatment <60C..
* decreased COLOSTRAL IgG by 5.38g/l
* increased SERUM IgG by 2.65g/l
* incraesed SERUm TP by 0.21 g/dL

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2
Q

Buckzinzki et al and the use of ATP luminometry to assess cleanliness of equipment for colostrum feeding

Feb 22

A

<1000RLU vs >1000RLU associated with hygeine and health dimension

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3
Q

Buckzinski et al on calfhood respiratory disease and the effect on performance

Jul 21

A
  • Heifers with BRD 2.85X odds of dying
  • 2.3x odds of herd removal before 1st calving
  • ADLWG down by 0.067kg/day
  • Produced 121.2l less in 1st lactation
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4
Q

Haagen et al - genetic parameters for FPT

Feb 21

A
  • Heritability of STP 0.06-0.08
  • Heritability of FPT 0.08-0.11
  • STP is heritable and favourably correlated with health/calving and production
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5
Q

Kessler et al - Comparative estimation of colostrum qual across species

Feb 21

A
  • Bovine highest in IgG conc
  • Sheep higher in fat and protein
  • goat - highest lactose
  • Brix highly correlated with IgG and protein conc
  • 19.3% cows
  • 26.5% sheep
  • 20.7% does
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6
Q

Goetz - ID biomarkers for morb and mort and ADLWG in veal calves

Jan 21

A
  • High haptoglobin and molybedenum = inc morbidity
  • higher weight high CK and IgG = reduced morbidity
  • higher weight high cholesterol and high IgG = reduced mortality
  • High weight, cholesterol, copper, CK, iron and IgG = inc ADLWG
  • high zinc and haptoglobin = reduced ADLWG
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7
Q

Clark et al on meloxicam neonatal calves - IgG and performance

Dec 20

A
  • No affect on IgG uptake
  • No affect on BW
  • meloxicam calves consumed more starter feed
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8
Q

Setser- microchips for temperature

Oct 20

A

Implant sites and rectal temp do not correlate in vivo studys

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9
Q

Goetz - transport and age on biochemical variables

April 23

A
  • Inc NEFA and BHB in 12h journeys cf 6h
  • Glucose lower after 16h journey cf 6h
  • Older calves - more acidotic on long journeys
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10
Q

Pisoni - biomarkers to determine colostrum provision

Jan 23

A

GGT and TP were still good indicators of colostrum uptake post 14d age

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11
Q

Roder - Transdermal flunixin on blood cortisol disbudding

April 22

A
  • TD flunixin given at the time of disbudding with LA decreased plasma cortisol
  • TD flunixin given 6h later - no effect
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12
Q

Morin- colostrum management and FPT

April 21

A
  • Odds of adequate PT 2.6x higher when fed >2.5litres colostrum
  • 2.9x higher when colostrum >24.5% brix
  • 1.6x higher when colostrum recieved within 3 h birth
  • TBC and TCC not associated in final models with adequate PT
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13
Q

Mitchell - soybean hulls replaced by grass hay on calf performance

Feb21

A
  • increasing grass hay >8% of SBH is detrimental
  • 8% GH and 16% soy bean hull = optimised rumen functionality and feed efficiency
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14
Q

Jouruqin - sublincial and chronic pneumonia effects of AB therapy and outcomes on adg and ccw

Jan 23

A
  • quick thoracic ultrasound and BAL provide good information
  • chronic pneumonia - lower ADG cf no pneumonia
  • full cure - lower ADG than no pneumonia
  • consolodation - lead to higher liklihood of chronic pneumonia and lower ADG
  • Chronic pneumonia - lower cold carcass weight
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15
Q

Ansari- fennel seed and oregano on calf growth and health

Aug 22

A
  • FSP and OLP beneficial on growth and health (FSP>OLP)
  • 57 calves in trial
  • Supp decreased duration of diarrhoea/BRD but not frequency
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16
Q

Cuttance- Suckling behaviours of calves at pasture

Jul 22

A
  • 63.7% calves suckled in calving paddock
  • 58% suckled within 6h birth
  • time to standing, calves born to younger dams, frequency of collection (once daily = more calves suckled)
  • Very large variability
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17
Q

Kekana - prepartum use of Moringa leaf meal (Molm) on dam health and colostrum quality

Jul 22

A
  • MOLM fed cows - inc IgG in colostrum
  • MOLM colostrum higher in composition
  • Calves MOLM cows- higher birth blood glucose
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18
Q

Bowen - early prediction of BRD in preweaned calves using behaviour and feeding

Nov 21

A

High spec 0.95/mod sens 0.54 for disease using movememnt analysis AND feeding activity

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19
Q

van Keulen - postpartum collection time and colostrum quality on PT and intestinal development

Nov 21

A
  • 75% early collected calves 58% late collected calves had APT
  • High qual colostrum fed calves had increased SA of duodenum and jejunim
  • villus height to crypt depth higher in high qual colostrum
  • ADLWG higher in high qual colostrum
  • time for collection not as many affects as quality of colostrum fed
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20
Q

Chishti - starch protein interaction in the rumen of weaned dairy calves

May 21

A
  • High protein and high starch diet had best overall digestibilty
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21
Q

Jafari- physical form of starter feed and effect on growth and performance

Dec 20

A
  • finely ground and textured starter feeds can be used when calves are fed high milk allowance
  • high milk allowance had a positive effect vs low milk allowance
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22
Q

Mahendra - calf management practices and perceptions of housing in the UK

Jan 22

A
  • Majority of farms dont provide new bedding daily (65%)
  • few disinfect housing (38%) and ground (47%) between calves
  • bull euth and waste milk feeding happen on some farms still
  • restricted milk feeding common milk replcement powder (52%) twice daily (87%)
  • vets involved day to day 1.4%
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23
Q

Conboy - How good are modifications of feeding behaviour for health monitoring of calves

21

A

Sensitivity is good (78-84%) to ID calves with d+/BRD/general malaise
Specificity is bad (21-26%) clinical exam is needed

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24
Q

Cantor - Effect of colostrum replacer as a neutraceutical

21

A

Reduction in BRD but no effect on diarrhoea

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25
Q

Liu - Tributyrim supplementation of pastuerised milk

Dec 21

A

-Starter intake and hay intake did not differ
- No effect on feed efficiency
- inconclusive and weak evidence

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26
Q

Immler - Metabolic status and health/age of cow on colostrum quality

Sept 21

A
  • prepartum vacc lead to higher brix%
  • 2nd parity cows had lower readings than 3rd and above
  • lameness = lower brix%
  • Increased glutamate dehydrogenase and serum Ca = lower brix%
  • Metabolic health of cow has an affect on brix and therefore passive transfer
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27
Q

Reedman - Use of sedation of 2-6 week old calves for disbudding

May 21

A
  • No difference in tx groups in mean daily milk intake at 72h post
  • Sedated calves- reduced milk intake 0-24h and 24-48h post
  • no sedation = 4.5 times odds of struggling
  • 24h post sedated calves 2x more likely to play
  • Prolonged suckling effect but otherwise good effects from xylazine
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28
Q

McAloon - Seroprevalance of M Bovis in bulk milk samples and risk factors

June 22

A

Herd prevalence of 0.45
Risk factors
- herd size
- no of neighbouring farms
- in degree
- country

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29
Q

Zhou - Pathogens and RF BRD NE china

Jan 23

A

Beef cattle > dairy cattle susceptibility of suppurative/caseous necrotising pneumonia. BVD highly related
Dairy calve s<3m and beef calves >3m most at risk
Mixed infections bacteria (73%) viruses (50%) and m bovis (23%)

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30
Q

Hazelton - Mycoplasma spp and repro performance

Dec 20

A

Mycoplasma infrequeantly isolated from vagina
slow to conceive cows/empty cows had higher likelihood of M bovigenitalium post bull exposure
Longer exposure/more services from bull = higher chance of mycoplasma isolated

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31
Q

Hazelton - Mycoplasmas risks of clinical dz post exposure as calves

Dec 20

A

Small number still have m bovis as heifers - long term carrier state after exposure as calves
In a group of 50 heifers exposed pre weaning - probability of having 1 shedding heifer post calving is non trivial

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32
Q

Haapala - M bovis in dairy herds RF and control

Feb 21

A

Insemination with an m bovis positive bull increases odds of infection
Control:
* Culling of m bovis mastitis
* Isolation of calves from older animals
* Prevent nose nose contact
* Early detection in milk - PCR
* HYGIENE

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33
Q

Cantor - behavioural measures to indicate BRD

Jul 22

A

Calves with BRD diagnosed at average age 33+- 9d
Decreased milk/starter intake, inc lying times, fewer lying bouts, decreased step count and activity
Relative changes in unrewarded visits useful for algorithm when dz -5days is baseline for visits

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34
Q

Jensen - effect of hides and parity on behavious of calving at pasture

Jul 22

A

Primiparous cows calves furthest away from feed and stayed away post calving
More cows = less likely to be away from cows at calving

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35
Q

Peetsalu - Colostrum on calves acute-phase response (APR) and association of APR with weight gain

Jul 22

A

Colostral cytokines influence calf serum cytokines
Factors that activate an APR in 2nd and 3rd week of life have long term influence on calf development

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36
Q

Reedman - Nutrition and analgesia on wound healing post disbudding

Jul 22

A

Good nutritional plane heals faster and more activity
Extra NSAID 3d post slows healing but alleviates pain 1-2wks post (less time lying)

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37
Q

Mason - Passive transfer to calves at pasture

Jul 22

A
  • For every hour post birth that it took a calf to have first suckle odds of FPT at day 3 increased by 1.21 times
  • Calves that suckled 2, 3-4 or >5 times had 0.42, 0.35 and 0.1 times the odds of FPT compared to suckling once
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38
Q

Prom - prepartum beta carotene supplementation on colostrum

Nov 22

A

Supplementatipon did not affect colostral or calf IgG

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39
Q

Uyama - Calf management in canada and AMU

Nov 22

A

Transition milk fed calves required less antimicrobials

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40
Q

Carter - Colostrum as therapy for diarrhoea

Dec 22

A

Long term colostrum = faster resolution of diarrhoea and increased growth rates

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41
Q

Berman - BRD scoring system guiding tx

Dec 22

A

Calves with 2 of the following -31% had active BRD .
Without at least 2 findings 100% chance not active BRD
* cough
* ear droop
* head tilt
* rectal temp >39.7
>3 calves/10 positive = 94% chance active BRD prevalence >10%
<3 calves positive = 95% chance not active BRD

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42
Q

Dado-Senn - Detecting heat stress in hutch housed calves

Feb 23

A

RR and rectal temp rise at temp-humidity of 69 or drybulb temp 21C
Monitoring calves before ambient temp is 21C
RR 44 temp 38.5C key thresholds

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43
Q

Perttu - feeding behaviours automated milk feeders and dz

Feb 23

A

Total milk intake, drinking speed, intervals between visits, calf age and rewarded visits significantly associated with health status
TMI and speed inc = healthy calf
increase in intervals and age = sick

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44
Q

Van Niekerk - corn starch feeding and MR amounts

March 20

A

Rate of MR feeding has larger affect then the processing of corn on performance, digestibility and bacterial communities

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45
Q

Aragona - Nicotinic acid supp on IgG

March 20

A

Increased nicotinic acid supp = increased colostrum quality and 32g/d increased feed efficiency

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46
Q

Aragona - Starter feed form and forage

March 20

A

High starch low fiber = >9% more growth than low starch
Restricted starter and ad lib hay - decreased DMI by 13-17%
Restricted forage should be fed 2-4mo

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47
Q

Pardon - RF for BCV virus

March 20

A
  • Detection of M haemolitica
  • increasing herd size
  • Previous detection of BCV in faeces
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48
Q

Pardon - RF for bRSV infection

March 20

A
  • Seasonal - Autumn>winter
  • Presence of PI3
  • Inc prev of resp dz in calves
  • Inc duration of resp dx in calves
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49
Q

Pardon - RF for H somni

March 20

A
  • Calf pen group size >5
  • Sawdust bedding
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50
Q

Pardon - RF for M bovis

March 20

A
  • Purchase of cattle
  • Housing of recent purchased cattle in the same airspace
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51
Q

Aragona- Supplementation of nicotinic acid to pre partum cows and the effect on colostral IgG and feed efficiency

March 20

A
  • Inc levels of nicotinic acid increased colostrum quality
  • 32 g/d increased feed efficiency in calves
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52
Q

Renaud - RF associated with FPT in dairy calves (retrospective study)

April 20

A

RF:
* Calf sex
* colostrum volume fed
* level of calving assistance
* colostrum feeding method

Male calves 0.14g/dL lower sTP than female

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53
Q

Pyo - Feeding colostrum 3 days post natal effect on small intestinal growth

May 20

A

Extended colostrum and colostrum-milk mix heightened SL villi and increased SA

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54
Q

Lopez - IgG absorption of maternal colostrum, whey based colostrum or supplemented low qual colostrum

May 20

A

All resulted in acceptable levels of IgG at 24h
Efficiency of IgG absorption was greater in calves fed colostrum replacer

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55
Q

Hyde - Analysis of calf mortality in GB

March 20

A
  • Dairy calves (6%) mortality> beef calves (2.86%) in first 3 months
  • 0-3month old death rate at slaughterhouses has increased from 17% (2011) to 26% in 2018
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56
Q

Kovacs - Upper critical temp-humidity index (THI) level for dairy calves

March 20

A

Welfare compromised above THI 78
Significant heat stress above THI 88

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57
Q

Gelsinger - Ruminal acidosis in calves

March 20

A

Ruminal acidosis associated with lower DMI, BW, lower hemoglobin and HCT
Symptoms similar to cows

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58
Q

Guerri - Ultrasonic evaluation of umbilical structures in calves

March 20

A

Omphaloarteritis could be detected day 1 colour doppler exam - 100% specificity and 100% PPV

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59
Q

Marcanto - effect of pretransport diet and duration of transport on physiological status of young calves

April 20

A

Short transport duration and provision of milk improved energy status of calves and prevented fat mobilisation

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60
Q

Berends - Exchanging lactose for fat in milk replacer on ad lib feed intake and growth

May 20

A

Increasing fat content - decreased CMR intake by 10%. ME intake and growth remained equal
Decrease in health events in high fat CMR group

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61
Q

Engleking - feeding hay and starter as a mixture or seperately on growth and blood metabolites

May 20

A

Greater intake and ADG when fed starter and hay seperately compared to mixture feeding

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62
Q

Van keulen - Arginine or Glutamine supp and milk feeding allowance on SI development

May 20

A

Increasing milk allowance improved villus height width and SA but only in amino acid supp calves (not control)

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63
Q

Dado-Senn - Pre and post natal heat stress om thermoregulation and performance of calves

May 20

A
  • No pre natal heat stress - improves weight gain, birth weight, haematocrit and IgG transfer
  • No post natal heat stress -Increases MR and conc intake, reduced tendancy for fever and reduced health events
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64
Q

Sutter - Evaluation of diff methods to assess FPT

June 20

A
  • All methods correlated to gold standard RID
  • Capillary Electophoresis highest correlation r=0.97
  • Different cut offs should be used
  • Refractometer - serum 5g/dL, plasma 5.5g/dL
  • Brix - serum 7.8%, plasma 8.6%
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65
Q

Wilms - hypernatremia in diarrheic calves with ORS and MR with no access to water

June 20

evaluate safety and efficacy

A

Providding sugar and electrolytes in water and/in milk replacer to calves without water access resulted in hypernatraemia (serum Na+ >145mmol/l) and delayed recovery

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66
Q

Tummler - effects of colostrum and MR on methane production and performance

July 20

A

10 vs 20% MR
Pre weaning - methane per kg BW lower in animals fed higher level of MR
Post weaning - no difference

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67
Q

Chang - Effects of ZnO and ZnMet on growth and disease

Jul20

A

Supp with 104mg ZnO - reduced d+ in first 3 days of life and increased IgG and IgM conc
Supp with 457mg Zn Met promoted growth and reduced d+ for 14 days post birth

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68
Q

Mitchell - effect of converting weaned calves from componant fed diet to TMR

Jul20

A

If managed correctly can be converted to a 15% hay TMR by 8 weeks and maintain growth

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69
Q

Lomonaco - Effect of spray drying milk and colostrum to inactivate bovine leukamia virus

Jul 20

A

Risk for BLV transmission could be reduced if milk and colostrum were spray dried pre consumption in dairy facilities

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70
Q

Parsons - Weaning strategy and solid feed location for calves fed AMF

Jul 20

A
  • Continuous gradual weaning - equal increments vs multi step increments
  • Similar performance and intakes
  • Calves with feed adjactent to milk had improved consumption
  • 10% greater ADG
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71
Q

Yeste - Tryptphan role in MR to facilitate weaning

Aug 20

A

No change in stress markers
no effect noted in behaviours at weaning

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72
Q

Wilmes - Determining boundries for swapping lactose with glucose in MR

Aug 20

A

Increased glucose inclusion did not affect growth but increased mortality (GIT disorders)
No suitable as a replacement.

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73
Q

Reedman - efficacy of pain management with caustic paste disbudding

Aug 20

A

LA + NSAID is most beneficial for reducing indicators of pain and inflammation

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74
Q

Lopez - Variation in serum IgG with different feeding at birth

Aug 20

A

Calves fed colostrum replacer had serum IgG below 10g/l for a greater proportion of first month of life

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75
Q

Karger - Extended colostrum feeding for 2 weeks imrpoves growtha dn reduces disease

Sept 20

A

From day 15 calves moved onto whole milk
Calves recieving colostrum for extended time had greater weaning weights, feed efficiency and reduced disease incidence

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76
Q

Karger - Extended colostrum feeding for 2 weeks improves growth and reduces disease

Sept 20

A

From day 15 calves moved onto whole milk
Calves recieving colostrum for extended time had greater weaning weights, feed efficiency and reduced disease incidence

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77
Q

Klopp - Post weaning response to using different weaning stratagies when feeding moderate and high MR amounts

Sept 20

A
  • Weaning BW, hip height and width greater for high MR
  • Gradual weaning over 21 days effective for High MR but not different for moderate MR feeding
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78
Q

Renaud - Passive immunity and colostrum management Ontario

Sept 20

A

24% FPT
Risk NOT associated woth calf sex or age

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79
Q

Horvarth - Effects of access to stationary brushes and chopped hay on individually house calves

Sept 20

A
  • Brushes did not affect performance but hay supported intake and growth during weaning
  • Access to a brush reduced pen directed sucking. Brush and hay access reduced non nutritive sucking on a teat
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80
Q

Adcock - Behavioural changes in calves 11d post cautery disbudding

Sept 20

A

Ongoing pain 11days after hot-iron disbudding. Adds to growing body of evidence that pain can persist for weeks post proceedure

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81
Q

Dado-Senn - Assessing heat stress in calves

Sept 20

A

THI = best environmenetal inicator of heat stress
Monitoring should begin when THI reaches 65-69

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82
Q

Villot- Early supplementation of yeast spp increases IgA production in guts at 1 week age

Sept 20

A

SCB calves had higher secretory IgA in ileum and colon
IgA production was enhanced

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83
Q

Hromadkova - Effect of colostrum feeding regime on expression of neuroendocrine genes

Sept 20

A

Extended colostrum feeding upregulated the expression of serotonin receptor genes and increased the abundance of lactobacilis spp and e coli

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84
Q

Mitchell - Various forages and live yeast culture on calf intake growth and digestability

Oct 20

A

Recently weaned calves perform well on alfalfa hay, corn silage or grass hay
Grass hay reduced weight gain, but all calves still reached level of gain
>900g/d possible with 20% alfalfa, 24.5% corn silage or 11.3% grass hay

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85
Q

Chen - Pre partum zinc supplementation effect on passive transfer

Oct 20

A

Conc of IgA and IgM increased linearly with increasing Zn-Met - this didnt show up in the calf blood
Potentially could improve passive transfer of immunity

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86
Q

Mitchell - increasing grass hay inclusion on growth and digestibility calves

Oct 20

A

Feeding a level of grass hay >10% reduces growth and intakes and alters ruminal fermentation

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87
Q

Von koningslow - Leukocte cell counts for predicting morbidity and mortality and growth in veal calves

Oct 20

A

TP >5.2 = lower mortality
Rectal temp >39.6 = increased morbidity
Dehydration = lower ADG
Elevated lymphocyte counts - increased ADG and decreased morbidity in first 21 days

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88
Q

Mann - Heat treatment of colostrum effects

Oct 20

A

60min at 60C
No reduction in IgG, reduction of IgA 8.5%
Colostral insulin and IGF-1 decrease, 36% SCC decrease and 93% total bacterial count decrease

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89
Q

Grice - Effects of feeding frequency and protein source MR

Nov 20

A

MR containing bovine plasma protein and wheat protein = similar growth to just whey and greater starter intake
MR fed in 2 feedings had better growth and feed efficiency than 3 times daily

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90
Q

Mirzaei - Effects of step down weaning on growth and performance

Oct 20

A

Starter intake greatest in 28dx 8l
ADG and feed efficiency similar across tx
Iniitiation of step down weaning from 4-6 weeks can stimulate starter intake wiht no neg effect on performance

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91
Q

Lui - Feeding an amino acid formulated MR

Nov 20

A

No difference in growth and performance compared to standard 22% CP diet

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92
Q

Wenge-Dangschat - Changes in fluid and acid base of calves on different ORT

A
  • Isotonic water based rehyration solutions should be used for first aid tx of diarrheoa
  • Thereafter milk based solutions and free access water can be used to raise blood pH and osmolality and fulfil the energy needs.
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93
Q

Gingerich - disbudding affects use of shelter

Nov 20

A

Disbudded calves use shelter more often and spent more time in shelter overall
Pain from disbudding lasts for days post proceedure

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94
Q

Pereira - effects of enroflox or tulathromycin use on resp dz and ab resistant e coli shedding

Nov 20

A

Treatment of high risk calves resulted in consistantly higher proportion of resistant e coli in feacal samples

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95
Q

Ellingsen-Dalskau - Minimum tolerated milk temp for feeding calves

Nov 20

A

Radiographs showed no milk in rumen regardless of milk temp and aperture size
Minimum milk temp was 8C associated with shivering

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96
Q

Renaud - faecal consistency scoring as a measure of DMI

Nov 20

A

Developed a 4 level scoring system -
* 0 = normal (firm) = 25% DM
* 1 = soft (doesnt hold form) = 22% DM
* 2 = runny (spreads readily) = 16% DM
* 3 = watery (splatters) = 11% DM

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97
Q

Ede - Caustic paste vs hot iron disbudding

Dec 20

A

48h post tx more calves were lying down with hot iron than by chance. No difference between caustic paste and hot iron
Caustic paste = more neg experience than hot iron disdding to calf

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98
Q

Binversie - AB tx on performance of resp dx

Dec 20

A
  • Treatment based on early diagnosis with ultrasound and clinical scoring affected short term lung health and growth and reduced mortality
  • Early AB therapy limited progression of consolidation, improved growth
  • Lung dz worsened despite multiple AB tx
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99
Q

Kells - Inidcators of dehydration in healthy 4-5d calves deprived of food and water for 24 h

Dec 20

A

Skin tent > 3 sec, CRT >3 sec and enopthalmus >1mm useful fro mild to moderate dehydration

100
Q

Hare - Colostrum or colostrum:whole milk mix for 3 days post birth

Dec 20

A

Serum IgG was higher and more persistant in calves fed colostrum or colostrum mix than whole milk alone

101
Q

Van soest - TRansition milk and MR mix on growth and health

Dec 20

A

TM and MR:CR = greater body weight gains til weaning

102
Q

Hurst - Early life indicators of future BW

Jan 21

A

-60d milk consumption, birthweight, resp incidence, year and season born were all associated with BW at 400d
-Heifers 4.2kg lighter at 400d if treated for resp dz 3+ times in the first 60d of life

103
Q

Johnsen - Complience with legislation and calf welfare on outcomes in Norwegian dairy herds

Jan 21

A
  • Calf mortality rates were higher in herds whose calves didn’t have access to free water and higher in herds with reported calf dz events
  • 59% producers fed less than the recommended amount of milk in the frist 3 weeks of calves lives
104
Q

Wood - blood buffers on diarrhoea in calves

Jan 21

A

Mixed buffer solution improved the acid base status compared to bicarb only, electrolytes were similar to mixed buffer

105
Q

Aragona - the amount of hay on digestibility and rumen performance in calves

Jan 21

A

DMI as %of BW increased with 0-5% hay addition and decreased with 5-10%

106
Q

Lopez - Accuracy of refractometer as indirect measure of FPT for calves fed colostrum replacer

Jan 21

A
  • STP and IgG highly correlated for calves fed maternal colostrum
  • STP and IgG were lowly correlated for calves fed colostrum replacer
  • STP cut off for CR fed calves would be 4.9g/dL (sens 0.68, spec 0.75)
107
Q

Renaud - Effect of crypto, rota and coronavirum on health and performance of male calves

Feb 21

A
  • STP and source had associations with testing positive for a pathogen
  • Calves with diarrhoea has reduced weight gain up to 15kg by 77d
  • crypto and coronavirus associated with reduced BW gain
108
Q

Stamley lanier - Influence of starter crude protein content on growth and body composiition

March 21

A

Inc MR with lower CP starter = inc fat content
High CP starter = less fat

109
Q

Walsh - Effects of herd fertility on economics of sexed semen

March 21

A

Profitability of sexed semen dependant on the baseline fertility of the herd and calf prices

110
Q

Ollivett - Nasopharyngeal microbiota of preweaed dairy claves with and without ultrasound lung lesions

March 21

A
  • Severity of pneumonia was associated with inc of pasteurella spp in the nasopharynx
  • Increased microbiota diversity may be associated with reduced prevalence of clinical BRD
111
Q

Knauer - Individual vs paired housing on health and perfromance to 16 weeks

March 21

A

Pair calves were heavier at weaning and gained 150g/day more than individually reared calves
Paired calves had increased lying times

112
Q

Celestino - serum biomarkers of stress with health and growth in first 4 days of life

March 21

A

Calves with haptoglobin <= 0.63umol/l were more likely to be diagnosed with BRD and tended to have lower ADG
Haptoglobin not asssociated with mortality

113
Q

Xiao- Different feed presentations on feed sorting and rumen pH

April 21

A
  • Calves fed conc only had lower ADG and DMI
  • No performance diff in seperate hay and conc and mixed ration
  • Mixed ration calves sorted their food short term
114
Q

Garcia - Milk feeding strategies on productivity of heifers short and long term

April 21

A
  • Raw non saleable milk fed low birth weight calves had lower weight gain, grain intake and feed efficiency and were weaned later
  • Low birth weight heifers fed NSM produced less in first lactation
115
Q

Elsohaby - Accuracy of direct and indirect methods of assessing colostrum quality

April 21

A
  • Brix threshold of 23% could reduce feeding of low qual colostrum
  • RID low sensitivity for detection of low qual colostrum (86%)
  • TIR high sensitivity (91%)
116
Q

Pravettoni - diagnostic accuracy of focused lung US for dx of resp dz in calves

April 21

A

4th and 5th IC space for caudal aspect of cranial lobe
5th right ICS=middle lobe right lung
Sensitivity of 81% specificity of 100%
minumum = one small lesion at least 1cm deep within normal lung

117
Q

Welboren = Effects of energy source in MR on glucose metabolism

April 21

A

Replacing lactose with fat - inc body weight gain in first week of life

118
Q

Bobbo - single dam vs pooled colostrum on MDA

2021

A

Mean sIgG lower for pooled colostrum fed calves

119
Q

Stefanska

STP on heifer performance

2021

A

Initial STP associated with imp growth rate
increasing STP = age at first oestrus, AI, preg and calving all decreased
positive correlation with inc milk production

120
Q

Bates

New method of LA administraion for disbudding NZ

2019

A

Local administration was at least as effective as cornual nerve block
More consistant?

121
Q

Adcock -

Behaviour changes 11 days post disbudding effect of LA

2020

A

Ongoing pain with no LA use

122
Q

Nogues

Pain post surgical/ring castration

2021

A

Inflammation greater after ring castration, decreased starter intake and ADG
Calves rung licked wounds less and lay down less

123
Q

Ellingsen

Minimum tolerated milk temp

2020

A

Warm milk and sucking behaviour =trigger oesophageal closure

124
Q

Maier

Management factors and BRD pre weaned

2019

A

Positive association:
* Calf - calf contact >75d
* Feeding <2.85L MR per day
Negative association:
* Feeding 90% saleable/pasteirised milk
* feeding jerseys >5.6L milk/day
No association of dam/calf vaccine and BRD

125
Q

Marcato

Transport age on Ig and haematological parameters of calves

2021

A

28d transport = advanced immunity than 14d
28d transport = lower prob of individual tx, lower mort, higher carcase weight

126
Q

Abuelo

Preweaning dz on repro and 1st lactation performance

2021

A

Hx of BRD pre weaning = less likely to get inseminated or achieve 1st calving
Diarrhoea hx = more inseminations/conception, reduced milk production and ADG

127
Q

Zenobi - PP choline on immunity of cows

March 2020

A

Choline fed cows had less inflammation

128
Q

Hu - MR feeding rates on growth up to 4 months

March 2020

A

High rates = 2.4kg heavier over 112 days (structural growth = less)_

129
Q

Goff - SC and clin Hypocal and DCAD on rumination

March 2020

A

Healthy cows ruminate 8-9h/day
Rum rate decreased for all cpws around calving
Rum rate on 1st/2nd day lactation correlated with plasma Ca conc - normocalcaemic cows increased time ruminating

130
Q

Latosinski - Ketoprofen tx for culture neg mild clinical mastitis

March 2020

A

No difference to no tx

131
Q

Masello - Intravaginal PGF2a effect cf IM PGF2a

March 2020

A

Similar luteal regression risk to IM injection
Possible alternative route of admin

132
Q

Pate - Methionine on lactation performance under heat stress

March 2020

A

No reduction in milk yeild or DMI with methionine supp

133
Q

Billa - Milk metabolites as indicators of nutritional status

April 2020

A

Milk glucose and glutamate = correllated to plasma metabolites and milk fatty acids indicating lipomobilisation

134
Q

Jackson - UK attitude to dairy cow management

April 2020

A

Access to grazing, cow health and welfare and cow comfort all came out important

135
Q

Delhez - Milk mid infrared spectroscopy for PD

April 2020

A

Little ability to detect pregnancy <150 days

136
Q

Stambuk - Digital cushion thickness in holsteins

April 2020

A

Thickness varies on management, stage in lactation and digit
Genetic componant - selection for thicker?

137
Q

Ferraro - borescope for ID DD

April 2020

A

Isolated borescope exam = low sensitivity
Regular use could improve sens

138
Q

Omontese - Association between hoof lesions and fert in Jersey cows

April 2020

A

Hoof lesions = decreased odds of cyclicity and extended calving to first service

139
Q

Monistero - AMR of staph aureus from CM

April 2020

A

20% resisitant to penicillin
All strains susceptibile to Amoxy-clav
low prevalence of muti drig resistance

140
Q

McDonald - competition at drinker in hot weather

April 2020

A

Low competitive cows moved their drinking to avoid peak times
Increased visits, time spent and water intake

141
Q

Koczura - Consequences of walking/transport on milk quantity

April 2020

A

Walking decreaed milk yield by 1kg/milking
SCC and FA increased after walking and truck transport

142
Q

Fuenzalida - Klebsiella mastitis epidemiology

April 2020

A

Longer IM infections and less successful clinical outcomes
Some strains = persisitant infections

143
Q

Leelahapongsathon - Strep uberis epidemilogy

April 2020

A

3 definitions of contagious s uberis infections:
* short duration and spontaneous cure
* long duration and no spontaneous cure
* wide range of duration and cure dependant on host defense capacity

144
Q

Dalanezi - Influence of clinical mastitis pathogens on repro variables

April 2020

A

Control cows had:
* fewer open days
* improved preg per first AI
* Decreased preg loss
Compared to clinical mastitis group

Gram neg = more effects than gram pos

145
Q

Wieland - Auto cluster removal on milking performance

April 2020

A

Increased cluster removal threshold = decreased milking duration and alleviated short term teat changes from milking machine

146
Q

Bollatti - Rumen protected choline on performance and health transition period

May 2020

A
  • inc fat % and yeild up to 105d PP
  • increased feed efficiency
  • No benefit past 22d PP
  • 21d pre to 21 days post = improved performance
  • reduced subclinical hypocal
147
Q

Zhao - Forage proportion and chop length on rumen health and duodenal flow

May 2020

A
  • Inc forage % inc rumen pH, milk fat % and milk efficiency but reduced yield due to decreased DMI
  • Inc forage length = inc pH without neg effects on yield or intakes
  • High forage diets require supplementary bypass protein
148
Q

Handcock - BW dairy heifers association with stayability

May 2020

A

Heavier heifers = more likely to remain in herd and more likely to calve early
Targetting improving rearing practices to grow heifers = beineficial

149
Q

Wattenburger - 4 diff teat disinfection methods on milk sample collection

May 2020

A

Scrubbing with alcohol post pre milk teat disinfection with iodine based and drying with single use towel = minimal contamination
Environmental found in contaminated, host adapted found in uncontaminated

150
Q

Munksgaard - Behaviour during lactation in holstein and jersey cows

May 2020

A

Breed and parity have strong effects on lying time and eating behaviour (multi>primi in terms of lying time)

151
Q

Ariza - Foot dirtiness scoring system

May 2020

A

3 point back view dirtiness scoring system
reliable, consistancy and inter-rater agreement

152
Q

Masello - lateral flow portable platform to determine repro status

May 2020

A

accuracy 90% for >1 or <1ng/ml progesterone

153
Q

Havekes - molasses based liquid feed supp on high straw diet

June 2020

A

1kg/cow daily molasses = greater DMI, less sorting, more frequent meals, increased feeding rate

154
Q

Souza - immune response non specific mastitis

Jjune 2020

A

Quarters with non specific mastitis showed highest % milk CD4+ T lyphocytes

155
Q

Rowe - Internal teat sealant comparison

June 2020

A

Quarter level IMI dynamics were similar between teat sealants
No diff in clinical mastitis, culling or death or SCC and milk yeild

156
Q

Chapel - Flunixin and hoof trimming on lying behaviou locomotion and milk production

June 2020

A

Drug teatement had no meaningful effects on post trimming outcoems. Non lame cows spent more time lying down after trimming

157
Q

Skarbye - Auto cluster flushing on conc of S Aureus

A

Flushing with cold water was effective at removing S aureus from liners
Peracetic acid not necessary

158
Q

Tucker - Cooling strategies and cow response

June 2020

A

Most effective = locating the spray water and fan at the feed bunker

159
Q

Edwards - calving location preference

June 2020

A

Differed by parity
Cows and heifers changed their behaviour on the day of calving
Cows lay more on day of calving but in smaller bouts

160
Q

Li - Predicting rectal temp and RR in response to heat stress

June 2020

A

RR of 48 associated with heat stress at rectal temp 38.6C

161
Q

Menta - delayed analysis of lith hep blood

June 2020

A

Na and K not stable
Ca Mg Cl glu and lact all stable fro up to 8h

162
Q

Hiew - plasma P4 and glucose on predicting partuition

Jjune 2020

A

Decrease in plasma P4 = accurate for calving within 24 h
Plasma glucose accurate for predicting calving within 6 hours

163
Q

Gross - metabolic status associated with SCC recovery post mastitis

June 2020

A

Higher plasma glucose = speedier recovery of DMI and MY

164
Q

Mogollon - Heat stress effect on luteolysis

June 2020

A

No effect on luteolysis - still occured in all cows given 25mg of PGF2a

165
Q

Potts - Choline and methionine on production for primi /multi parous cows

July 20

A

Meth = inc milk fat conc in older cows
choline = inc MY in older cows when not fed with meth/ inc MY in primi with or without meth

166
Q

Mel-gar - 3 nitroxypropanol on enteric methane emissions

July 20

A

Inclusion of 3-NOP in TMR = quadratically decreased methane emissions
No effect on DMI or MY

167
Q

Moghimi - Vit E supp on performance of transition cows

July 20

A

Supp didnt affect milk SCC or colostrum qual but did improve repro (decr calving to first oestrus and days open)

168
Q

Rowe - effects of 2 SDCT protocols

July 20

A

Culture and algorithm SDCT reduced AB use by 55% without neg effects
No neg effects on CM, SCC or yeild in first 120 days of lactation

169
Q

Mcdougal - Prev of endometriosis dx by vag discharge or uterine cytology

July 20

A

> 1/5th dairy cows have endomet at average 41 DIM
Dx method had poor agreement

170
Q

Nuss - HL conformation has limited influence on load distrbution

July 20

A

All 3 conformations looked at had higher loading on lateral claws Cf medial
Straight conformation had most unbalances loading once trimmed

171
Q

Vangroegnweghe - J-5 Ecoli vacc does not influence severity in primiparous cows

July 2020

A

Response mild - moderate with little diff between treatment groups

172
Q

Fresco - Comparison of methane production throughout lactation

Dec 22

A

Using MeP - production g/day or MeY yeild g/kg DMI = promising as a trait for CH4 selection

173
Q

Owusu-Sekyere - Longevity of dairy cows

Dec 22

A

Swedish farms - health and welfare not main reason for removal from herd = more economic/investment decisions
(different to other countries?)

174
Q

Uddin - Impact of nitrate and 3-nitrooxypropanol on the carbon footprints of milk from cattle

June 22

A

Enteric CH4 reductions were 12.4 and 31.0% for the nitrate and 3-NOP

175
Q

Kebreab -A meta-analysis of effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol on methane production, yield, and intensity

Feb 2023

A

The effect of NDF on methane intensity and production is less than that of 3-NOP

176
Q

Van Gastelen -Methane mitigation potential of 3-nitrooxypropanol in lactating cows

May 22

A

3-NOP can effectively decrease CH4 emissions in dairy cows across diets, but the level of CH4 mitigation is greater when supplemented in a corn silage-based diet compared with a grass silage-based diet

177
Q

Melgar - Enteric methane emission, milk production, and composition of dairy cows fed 3-nitrooxypropanol

June 21

A

3-NOP decreased enteric methane daily emission, yield, and intensity without affecting dry matter intake and milk yield, but increased milk fat in high-producing dairy cows.

178
Q

Zin Yhang - 3-NOP effect on fibre degredation in rumen

Oct 20

A

3-NOP supplementation of a high-forage diet:
* decreased ruminal methanogenesis
* increased dissolved H2 concentration
* had no negative effects on ruminal fiber degradation
* minor effects on abundances of the bacteria in the rumen

179
Q

Melgar - Dose-response effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane

July 2020

A

3-NOP decreased enteric methane emissions without affecting dry matter intake or milk yield
Increased milk fat in dairy cows.
Maximum mitigation effect was achieved at 100 to 200 mg/kg of feed dry matter.
Also increased milk urea N

180
Q

Jewell - Type of hoof lesion and behaviour

2021

A

Solar ulcers = cow resting one limb and bearing weight unevenly
Solar haemorrhage = shifting weight from one foot to other
DD = bearing weight unevenly

181
Q

Aubineau - ELISA on within herd DD prevalence

2021

A

Discrimination between low (10%) and high (40%) prevalence detectable

182
Q

Li - lag response to heat stress on daily milk yeilds

2021

A

Reductions in milk yield beginning 1d post max temp and lasting for 3 days

183
Q

Viera-Neto - duration of DCAD diets on Ca metabolism

21

A

Met acidosis detectable 24h post start tx in neg DCAD group
Tissue responsiveness to PTH noticable from 3d of acidogenic diet
DCAD = greater Ca urinary loss, but greater Ca digestibility

184
Q

Caldiera - Local or systemic melox on mammary gland inflam response to LPS mastitis

2021

A

Did not lower inflamm systemically or intramammary
IM melox expediated the increase in SCC

185
Q

Seyed almoosavi - Late gest heat stress

2021

A

HS = reduction in DMI 20%
HS = decreased gestation length, colostrum yield, calf BW

186
Q

Lardy - Cubicle recommendations

2021

A
  • > 1m clear in front of cubicle
  • Use round/no hard edges brisket board
  • Stone free soil>concrete or mattress thicker than 1cm
  • litter with straw >sawdust or nothing and keep dry
187
Q

Capel - Propylene glycol +- dextrose ketosis tx

2021

A

Addition of dextrose for 1 or 3 days provided no improvement in resolution

188
Q

Eriksson - Social env on standing and development of claw horn lesions

2021

A

Number and severity of solar ulcers and white line lesions inc afetr calving
Social env did not influence standing time but may affect antagonistic interactions and increase risk of claw horn lesions.

189
Q

Robles - Freestall design and cleanliness on lying time, hygeine, and risk of SCC

2021

A

Dirty stalls reduced lying times
Odds of dirty cows increased with dirty stalls
Higher odds of lameness with dirtier stalls
No associations between cleanliness and SCC in this study

190
Q

Venjakob - serum Ca dynamics around partuition and pp dz

2021

A

Delayed onset hypocal (d3 and 7) for development of dz in primiparous cows
Multiparous cows reduced serum Ca on days 1 and 3 associated with dz

191
Q

Pluss - claw block application improves locomotion

21

A

Application of blocks = significantly reduces lameness scores
Doesnt affect weightbearign at standing
Additional pain relief still necessary

192
Q

Davidson - Last gest heat stress abatement in heifers promotes thermo reg

21

A

Heifers not exposed to THI>77 = higher milk yield
Cooling heifers in late preg = promoted thermoregulation and elevates milk production

193
Q

Monteiro - prev and RF related to anovular cows

21

A

Anovular cows = follicles <18mm
Generally cows with smaller follicles had longer dry periods, less BCS at 35DIM and inc disease
Cows with larger follicles (>18mm) more similar to cyclic cows.

194
Q

Seifi - Addition of straw to lactating cows diet

21

A

 Adding straw to the diet of lactating cows reduced feed intake and milk yield and increased the incidence of subclinical ketosis during early lactation

195
Q

Perez-baez - economic cost of metritis

21

A

Decreased milk production, reproduction and survival in the herd
mean cost 513 dollars

196
Q

Voss - Se and Sp of tail activity monitor for calving prediciton

21

A

 Depending on the interval preceding the onset of parturition, sensitivity varied from 19 to 75% and specificity from 63 to 96%.
13% remained within 3cm of original placement
31 removed for pain

197
Q

Tomazi - AM tx for clinical mastitis gram pos pathogens

21

A

2d protocol similar cure rate to 5d
5d = more effective at reducing milk cfu count

198
Q

Cartes - shelter in pre partum period during winter

21

A

Shelter = more lying down, less fat mobilisation
increased welfare

199
Q

Dubuc - 2nd IU cephapirin for purulent VD

21

A

2nd tx 14days post 1st = increased risk of pregnancy

200
Q

Cardoso - Methonione and high protien feeding of cows during transition

21

A

 High protein feeding, and methionine supplementation was associated with higher DMI
 Higher protein feeding associated with increased milk yield.
 Methionine supplementation increased milk fat and total solids concentrations.

201
Q

Reedman - xyalazine on calves for disbudding

21

A

 Calves sedated with xylazine for cautery disbudding responded less to painful stimuli both during and following the procedure and had a higher rate of play behaviour
But may have prolonged effects on suckling behaviour for 48h following sedation

202
Q

Abuelo - rumination time and health indicators in lactation

21

A

Decreased RT in Day 1-3 lactation = higher incidence of lameness in early lactation

203
Q

Volkmann = machine learning for detection of claw horn lameness

21

A

Learnt to detect lameness with good sp and se using sound of impact of foot

204
Q

Skaarlye - cohort study of effect of culling cows in early lactation once diagnosed with strep alagalactae

21

A

Improved steps to eradicating infection

205
Q

Rowe - herd udder hygeine and association with mastitis

21

A

Postitive association
At least 80 cows need to be scored
later milked cows = increased dirtiness scores

206
Q

Salter - milk and starter feeding systems on cross suckling behaviour

21

A

 Cross sucking occurred for at least twice as long in pairs with buckets only
 Regardless of starter treatment, calves spent less time cross sucking when fed milk in teat buckets

207
Q

Couto serenho - DCAD on milk production and health post calving

21

A
  • In multiparous cows, negative DCAD fed for 3 wk before calving improved serum calcium concentration postpartum and reduced the number of cows affected by multiple diseases within 30 d of parturition.
  • Independent of parity, negative DCAD decreased incidence of displaced abomasum and tended to decrease incidence of clinical mastitis within 30 d after parturition but did not change the incidence of other diseases.
208
Q

Diaz-Lunghal - CYTO scores on AI in norwegian red cows

21

A

CYTO pos cows = 28% prevalence
Pregnancy to first AI was lower in CYTO-positive cows (OR = 1.51) although overall, fertility was high
No late embryonic death association with CYTO score

209
Q

Kratley-Roodenburg - SCC and dry cow management use on selection for SCDT

21

A

RF for lower prop of new high SCC during the dry period were:
o The use of dip or spray after drying off
o A higher animal-defined daily dose of intramammary antimicrobials for DCT
o The use of DCT in low-SCC cows based on SCC or mastitis history
o Correct knowledge of DCT guidelines
o An awareness of importance of low infection rate and good hygiene during dry-off.
RF for higher proportion of new high SCC were:
o Dry cow housing other than cubicles
o A higher animal-defined daily dose for intramammary antimicrobials for mastitis.
.

210
Q

Abuelo - effect of pre weaning disease on heifers health and production

21

A
  • Heifers with a history of BRD before weaning were less likely to be inseminated or achieve first calving than heifers without BRD
  • Heifers affected by diarrhoea required more inseminations to become pregnant. Diarrhoea status was also associated with a 325-kg reduction in 305ME in the first lactation and a 50 g/d reduction in ADG.
211
Q

Wilson - MRI of digital cushions and linking back to lameness history and BCS

21

A

 The volume of the digital cushion was negatively associated with the number of lameness events
 Animals with body condition score >3, culled later in lactation, or of a greater body weight were more likely to have a higher volume of digital cushion in the lateral claws.

212
Q

Figuierdo - Failure of clinical cure of metritis and impact on repro and production life

21

A

Cows diagnosed with metritis that do not undergo clinical cure by 10 d of onset of antimicrobial therapy have impaired reproductive performance, reduced milk production, and increased risk of leaving the herd

213
Q

Ferrera - reviewing clinical signs of BRD in adult dairy cows

21

A

The most commonly reported clinical signs were fever (without specifying a precise temperature threshold), nasal discharge, cough, and dyspnea

214
Q

Creuztzinger - Effect of a blind and of stocking desity on behaviour around calving

21

A
  • Increased space and a blind may allow cows to perform natural behaviours before calving.
  • Presence of a blind reduced attention from other cows around calving
  • Animals in pens with a blind had shorter labor lengths than those without a blind
215
Q

Chebel - days on transition diet and effect

21

A

Those on diet at least 28 days prior to calving had lowest dz incidence and greater milk yield

216
Q

Cantor - neutriceutical benefit of colostrum replacer as early tx for off setting dz

21

A

 Calves fed a preventative dose of colostrum replacer, versus a placebo, were less likely to develop pneumonia 14 d later, but this treatment did not affect growth.

217
Q

Skarbye - Effect of increasd hygeine on the transmission of s aureus and s algalactae

21

A

An automatic spray on the upper surface of the brush motor with disinfectant along with daily change of brushes collectively reduced transmission of Strep. agalactiae and Strep. dysgalactiae

218
Q

Civiero - Energy balance and onset of cyclicity

21

A

Cows with improved energy balance in early lactation had a shorter interval to start of luteal activity, greater milk progesterone concentrations at start of luteal activity, and earlier first observed heats

219
Q

Van Kamp - Effectiveness of single 7% iodine navel dipping compared to neg control on umbilical infection

22

A

No difference (20% cf 22%) in umbilical infections.
On farm management had much more effect eg hygeine and colostrum management

220
Q

Talmon -effect of activity on heat production and V02

23

A

Heat production and VO2 were linearly and positively associated with HR
Standing and eating and ruminating all increased heat production compared to lying and idling

221
Q

Molinari - Prepartum heat stress increases inflamm responses

23

A

Inflammatory cells and markers were increased in heat stress cows compared to cooled cows post partum. Could elad to lowered immunity and increased chances of uterine infections

222
Q

Abeyta - Antioxidant supp on metabolism and inflam during heat stress

23

A

No significant effects from giving AP antioxidant to cows in HS

223
Q

Baker - impact of IMI in heifers on mammary gland growth and development

23

A
  • Results indicate that IMI in growing and developing mammary glands reduces mammary epithelial growth and alters mammary gland development by impairing epithelial branching into the mammary fat pad.
224
Q

Rodriguez - Ruminoreticulo temperature as a sensor for mastitis

23

A

Was a change in temp, as accurate as other sensors and algorithms

225
Q

Imada - Management practcies with Johnes bulk milk risk Canada

23

A

Cleanliness scores of older heifers and their exposure to mature cow manure was significantly associated with JD control
Farms with highly contaminated weaned and bred heifers and those that had exposure to mature cow manure were more likely to be unsuccessful in their JD control efforts.

226
Q

Denis-Robichaud - on farm euthanasia methods and emotions canada

23

A
  • The most commonly used primary method of on-farm euthanasia was a firearm (>70%).
  • Unacceptable euthanasia methods, such as standard 0.22-caliber long rifle for adult cows or no adjunct method following the use of captive bolt, were used by 25%, 18%, and 58% of the participants for calves, replacement animals, and dairy cows, respectively.
    Only 32% had a vet examine pre euthanasia decision
227
Q

De-bruijn - Feeding behaviour and cyclicity post short/no dry period

23

A
  • During the first 2 d postpartum, cows with luteal activity <21d had more visits per day and visits per meal compared with cows with luteal activity ≥21d pp
  • During the first 3 wk postpartum, cows within the 30-d dry period group with luteal activity <21d had greater meal size, feed intake, and feeding rate compared with cows with luteal activity ≥21d of this group.
  • Cows within the 0-d DP group with OLA <21 had higher meal duration, total daily meal time, total daily feeding time, and meal size, but a lower feeding rate compared with cows with OLA ≥21 of this group.
228
Q

Kerwin - Transition cow management and nutrition

23

A

Pre-partumincreasing the proportion of particles on the 19-mm sieve of the Penn State Particle Separator, optimizing bunk space, and not overfeeding metabolizable energy (ME)
Fresh period optimizing bunk space, avoiding commingling, increasing feeding frequency, avoiding high physically effective undigested neutral detergent fiber (NDF) but ensure adequate ME and CP
Herd level not vaccinating in the calving pen, minimizing the number of prepartum and postpartum pen moves, and avoiding long stays in the calving pen after parturition

229
Q

Barca - Pegbovigastrim (imrestor) treatment economically beneficial in grazing dairy herds

23

A

Cost of clinical mastitis lower for PEG treated cows
Cost of culling reduced

230
Q

O’Connor- economic impacts of mobility scores in dairy cows pasture conditons

23

A
  • Moderate to severe forms of suboptimal mobility on dairy cows are associated with yield losses, whereas mild forms of suboptimal mobility are associated with elevated somatic cell count and an increased risk to be culled
    17% decrease in net profit where just 5% cows had optimal mobility - decraesed milk yeild, increased culling, increased treatment costs
231
Q

Perttu - Feeding behavious and disease in group housed calves

23

A
  • Total milk intake (mL/d), drinking speed (mL/min), interval between visits (min) to the AMF, calf age (d), and rewarded visits were significantly associated with dairy calf health status.
  • These results indicate that as total milk intake and drinking speed increased, the risk of calves being sick decreased.
  • In contrast, as the interval between visits and age increased, the risk of calves being sick also increased
232
Q

Weber - Farm level RF for DD in mountainour regions

23

A

Access to mountain pasture
PArticipation in dairy shows
Number of new animals introduced in the last 2y
= Significantly associated with DD risk

233
Q

Dado-senn - methods for detecting heat stress in housed calves

23

A

Monitor >21C
THI 69 = critical (RR rise and RT)

234
Q

Kebreab- 3-NOP on methane

23

A

Increased NDF = lower efficiency 3-NOP has of reducing methane

235
Q

Upton - effect of mechanical stim on milking duration

23

A

Am milking = shorter time but same yield as no stim
No effect on pm milking

236
Q

Swartx - Dexamethasone post calving

23

A

Dex cows =increased lying time and reduced restlessness BUT decreased milk yield for forllowing month post calving

237
Q

Schmitt- Single transdermal flunixin post calving

23

A

Increased MY, MF, MP in primiparous cows, and decreased these in multiparous cows
Reduced metritis risk in primiparous cows
Improved metabolic profile - multiparous cows
Reduced pain expression in all cows

238
Q

Lean - parity on incidence of diseases

23

A

hYpocal, lameness mastitis, RFM, subclin ketosis = highest risk>5 parity
Dystocia and metritis/endomet = parity 1 highest

239
Q

*

Holper - Dose and frequesncy of PGF2a admin on AI outcome

23

A

2nd dose of PGF2a 24h apart resulted in greater P/AI compared with increased dose cows

240
Q

Groh - Prev and RF for udder skin dz and udder oedema

23

A

Herd RF for teat warts:
%cows with poor teat ends, conventional milking systems
Cow level teat wars - high SCC
Poor depth of bedding (<5cm) and cows <60DIM = increased odds of udder oedema
1st lactating heifers = inc risk udder thigh dermatitis
Freestall housing and comfort rubber mats = RF for udder cleft derm

241
Q

Berman - Resp dz scoring system for tx guidance in veal calves

22

A

Calves with 2 of: cough, ear droop, head tilt, temp >39.7 = positive 31% chance of BRD
Without at least 2 of these = 100% chance of no active BRD

>3
positive calves/10 2wks post arrival = 94% chance >10% prevalence BRD
<3
positive calves = 95% chance not having active BRD prev >10%
242
Q

Carter - effectiveness of colostrum as therapy for D+ in pre weaned calves

22

A

Long term (8 feedings) of colostrum calves had faster resolution of d+ than controls
Long term colostrum claves grew more

243
Q

Uyama - claf management practices with AB use

22

A

Calves fed transition milk = half number of AB treatments per year

244
Q

```

~~~

Browne - Hoof lesions in partly housed pasture based cows

22

A

Non infectious lesions more prevalent than infectious
White line and overgrown claws = most common

245
Q

Lindena - small farms = better welfare than larger farms?

22

A

LArger farms better welfare index than smaller farms = depends on knowledge, skill and time that can be devoted to animals

246
Q

Van soest - Transition milk feeding on intestinal development

22

A

4 days post colostrum TM feeding
TM instread of MR = double villus length, width villus:crypt ratio and mucosal length in all intestinal sections
TM calves gained more weight and had improved health scores

ECBHM (13 decks)

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