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Jarvis Physical Assessment > Jarvis Chapter 19 Heart and Neck Vessels > Flashcards

Jarvis Chapter 19 Heart and Neck Vessels Flashcards

0
Q

The venous return that builds during diastole. It’s the length to which the ventricular muscle is stretched at the end of diastole just before contraction.

A

Preload

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1
Q

All Heart Sounds are described by what?

A
  1. Frequency (pitch)
  2. Intensity (loudness)
  3. Duration
  4. Timing
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2
Q

The greater the stretch, the stronger is the heart’s contraction. This increased contractility results in an increased volume of blood ejected (Increased SV)

A

Frank-Starling Law

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3
Q

The opposing pressure the ventricle must generate to open the aortic valve against the higher aortic pressure. It’s the resistance against which the ventricle must pump its blood

A

Afterload

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4
Q

Risk Factors for CAD

A
  1. Elevated cholesterol
  2. Elevated B/P
  3. Blood sugar levels above 130mg/dl or know DM
  4. Obesity
  5. Cigarette smoking
  6. Low activity Level
  7. Length of any hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women
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5
Q

The Intensity of S1 depends on what factors?

A
  1. Position of AV valve at the start of systole
  2. Structure of the valve leaflets
  3. How quickly pressure rises in the ventricles
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6
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A

Persistence of the channel joining left pulmonary artery to aorta. This is normal in the fetus and usually closes spontaneously within hours of birth

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7
Q

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

A

Abnormal opening in the atrial septum, resulting usually in left-to-right shunt and causing large increase in pulmonary blood flow

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8
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

A

Abnormal opening in the septum between the ventricles, usually in the subaortic area. The size and exact position vary considerably

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9
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot 4 components:

A
  1. RV outflow stenosis
  2. VSD
  3. RV hypertrophy
  4. Overriding aorta
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10
Q

Pulmonic Stenosis

A

Calcification of pulmonic valve restricts forward flow of blood

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11
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A

Stream of blood regurgitates back into LA during systole through incompetent mitral valve. In diastole, blood passes back into LV again along with new flow; results in LV dilation and hypertrophy

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12
Q

Tricuspid Regurgitation

A

Backflow of blood through incompetent tricuspid valve into RA

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13
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A

Calcified mitral valve will not open properly, impedes forward flow of blood into LV during diastole. Results in LA enlarged and LA pressure increased

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14
Q

Pulmonic Regurgitation

A

Backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve, from pulmonary artery to RV

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15
Q

Midsystolic Ejection Murmurs

A

Due to forward flow through SL valves

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16
Q

Pansystolic Regurgitant Murmurs

A

Due to backward flow of blood from area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure

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17
Q

Diastolic Rumbles of AV Valves

A

Filling murmurs at low pressures, best heard with bell lightly touching the skin

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18
Q

Early Diastolic Murmurs

A

Due to SL valve incompetence

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19
Q

Occurs with closure of the AV Valves and thus signals the beginning of systole. Loudest at the Apex of the Heart

A

1st Heart Sound (S1)

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20
Q

Occurs with the closure of the SL valves and signals the end of systole. Loudest at the Base of the Heart

A

2nd Heart Sound (S2)

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21
Q

Empty unoxygenated blood directly into the superior vena cava.

A

Jugular Veins

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22
Q

Give info about activity on the right side of the heart. Specifically, they reflect filling pressure and volume changes.

A

Jugular Veins

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23
Q

Occurs when the heart’s own blood supply cannot keep up with metabolic demand.

A

Angina

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24
Q

Clenched Fist

A

Angina key sign

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25
Q
  1. Elevated cholesterol
  2. Elevated B/P
  3. Blood sugar levels above 130mg/dl or know DM
  4. Obesity
  5. Cigarette smoking
  6. Low activity Level
  7. Length of any hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women
A

Risk Factors for CAD

26
Q

Blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence

A

Bruit

27
Q

A sustained forceful thrusting of the ventricle during systole. It occurs with ventricular hypertrophy as a result of increased workload.

A

Heave (Lift)

28
Q

A Palpable vibration. It feels like the throat of a purring cat. Signifies turbulent blood flow and accompanies loud murmurs.

A

Thrill

29
Q

Varies with the person’s breathing, increasing at the peak of inspiration and slowing with expiration.

A

Sinus Arrhythmia

30
Q

Occurs near term or when mother is lactating; it’s due to increased blood flow through the internal mammary artery

A

Mammary Souffle

31
Q
  1. Position of AV valve at the start of systole
  2. Structure of the valve leaflets
  3. How quickly pressure rises in the ventricles
A

The Intensity of S1 depends on what factors?

32
Q

Unoxygenated blood levels of the heart by the way of:

A

Pulmonary artery

33
Q

An area on the anterior chest that overlays the heart and great vessels

A

Precordium

34
Q

The amount of blood that is ejected during systole in a minute is describe as :

A

Cardiac Output

35
Q

Systematic circulation is measure by?

A

Blood Pressure

36
Q

Where oxygenated blood is recieve?

A

Right ventricle

37
Q

Area that lies above the heart

A

Precordium

38
Q

Bottom part of the heart

A

Apex

39
Q

Upper part of the heart

A

Base

40
Q

What is JVD?

A

Jugular vein distension

41
Q

How do you assess JVD?

A

Have the patient lay supine in a 30-45 degree angle and observe

42
Q

Purpose of the Heart

A

Deliver blood to the circulatory system

43
Q

Upper chambers of the heart

A

Atria

44
Q

Lower chamber of the Heart

A

Ventricles

45
Q

From where the atria collect blood?

A

Circulatory system

46
Q

Where the atria deliver the blood

A

Ventricles

47
Q

Which muscular partition separate the heart into two functional units?

A

The septum

48
Q

Which are the two majors structures of the heart?

A

The left and right ventricles.

49
Q

Normal findings in aging adult

A
  1. Gradual rise in B/P
  2. The aorta stiffens, dilates, and elongates
  3. he chest often increases in anteroposterior diameter
  4. Systolic murmurs are common
50
Q

Occurs with right ventricular hypertrophy, as found in pulmonic valve disease, pulmonic hypertension, and chronic lung disease.

A

Lift (heave)

51
Q

A ______ in the second and third _____ interspaces occurs with severe aortic stenosis and systemic hypertension.

A

Thrill, right

52
Q

A ______ in the second and third ______ interspaces occurs with pulmonic stenosis and pulmonic hypertension.

A

Thrill, Left

53
Q

Calcification of aortic valve cusps restricts forward flow of blood during systole; LV hypertrophy develops.

A

Aortic Stenosis

54
Q

Calcification of pulmonic valve restricts forward flow of blood.

A

Pulmonic stenosis

55
Q

The first heart sound is produced by the

A

Closure of the AV valves

56
Q

Which of the guideline may be used to identify which heart sound is S1?

A

S1 coincides with the carotid artery pulse.

57
Q

Which cardiac alterations occurs during pregnancy

A

An increase in cardiac volume and a decrease in blood pressure

58
Q

The leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchored by __________________ to the _________________, which are embedded in the ventricular floor.

A

Chordae tendineae; papillary muscles

59
Q

The ability of the heart to contract independently of any signals or stimulation is due to:

A

Automaticity

60
Q

When auscultating the heart of a newborn within 24 hours after birth, the examiner hears a continuous sound that mimics the sound of a machine. This finding most likely indicates:

A

An expected sound caused by nonclosure of the ductus arteriosus.

61
Q

A bruit heard while auscultating the carotid artery of a 65-year-old patient is caused by:

A

Turbulent blood flow through the carotid artery.

62
Q

The jugular venous pressure is an indirect reflection of the:

A

Heart’s efficiency as a pump.

63
Q

The semilunar valves separate the:

A

Ventricles from the arteries

Jarvis Physical Assessment (9 decks)

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