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Jarvis Physical Assessment > Jarvis Chapter 11 Nutrition > Flashcards

Jarvis Chapter 11 Nutrition Flashcards

Jarvis Chapter 11 review

1
Q

What increase in adolescence b/c rapid physical growth, endocrine and hormonal changes?

A

Calories and protein intake.

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2
Q

To support the syntesis of maternal and fetal tissue what must be consumed?

A

Calories, proteins, minerals and vitamins.

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3
Q

In adulthood what need to be stabilized?

A

Growth and nutrients.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of a nutritional assessment?

A
  1. Identify individuals who are malnourished or at risk of developing malnutrition.
  2. Provide data for a nutrition plan design.
  3. Establish baseline data for evaluating the efficacy of nutritional care.
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5
Q

How many grains are supposed to be consumed daily?

A

6 oz

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6
Q

How many fruits are supposed to be consumed daily?

A

2 cups.

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7
Q

How many vegetables are supposed to be consumed daily?

A

2 1/2 cups.

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8
Q

How much milk we need to consume daily?

A

3 cups.

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9
Q

How much meat and beans we need to consume daily?

A

5 1/2 oz

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10
Q

What is consider underweight using BMI?

A

<18.5

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11
Q

What is the range of normal weight using BMI?

A

18.5 - 24.9

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12
Q

What is the range of overweight BMI?

A

25.0-29.9

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13
Q

What is the range of obesity BMI?

A

30.0-39.9

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14
Q

What is the range of extreme obesity BMI?

A

> 40.

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15
Q

Assess body fat distribution?

A

Waist - to - hip ratio.

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16
Q

What is the significance of abnormal waist- hip ratio?

A
  1. Increase risk for obesity.
  2. Early mortality
  3. Related diseases.
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17
Q

What is IBW?

A

Ideal Body Weight

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18
Q

What is used to determine iron status?

A

Hematocrit

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19
Q

What is used to determine iron defiency anemia?

A

Hemoglobin

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20
Q

What are triglycerides tested for?

A

Screen for hyperlipidemia and to determine the risk of Coronary Artery Diseases (CAP).

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21
Q

What is good cholesterol?

A

HDL

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22
Q

What is bad cholesterol?

A

LDL

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23
Q

How much sodium is recommend for consumption?

A

less than 2300mg (1tsp)

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24
Q

Limit intake of saturated fat?

A

10% or less

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25
Q

20-35 % of intake

A

fat

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26
Q

Estimate the body fat stores or the extent of obesity or undernutrition.

A

Skinfold thickness

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27
Q

Estimates skeletal muscle mass and fat storage?

A

Mid- upper arm circumference

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28
Q

Most fat is in the hips and thights.

A

Gynoid obesity

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29
Q

Excess of body fat that is placed most within the abdomen and upper body.

A

Android obesity

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30
Q

Immunodeficient condition characterized by a lack of or diminished reaction to an antigen or group of antigens.

A

Anergy

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31
Q

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A

Weight (kg)
____________
Height (meters)

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32
Q

A detailed record of dietary intake obtainable from a 24- hours recalls, food frequency questionnaires, food diaries.

A

Diet history

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33
Q

Protein malnutrition

A

Kwashiorkor

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34
Q

Signs/Symptoms

  1. Individials appear well-nouished or obese
  2. Edematous
  3. Decrease hair and skin pigmentation
A

Kwashiorkor

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35
Q

Measure Lean body mass

A

Mid- arm muscle area (MAMA)

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36
Q

Determine range of ideal body weight

A

Frame size

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37
Q

Combination of chronic energy deficit and chronic or acute protein deficiency

A

Marasmic kwashiorkor

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38
Q

Inadequate comsumption of protein and energy, resulting in a gradual body wasting and increased susceptibility to infection

A

Protein- calorie malnutrition (PCM)

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39
Q

Levels of intake of essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet nutritional needs

A

Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

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40
Q

Degree of balance between nutrient intake and nutrient requirements; influenced by physiologic, culture , economic factors and developmental status.

A

Nutritional status

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41
Q

Recommended amounts of nutrients to prevent deficiencies and redue the risk for chronic diseases.

A

Daily Reference Intakes (DRI)

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42
Q

Strict observance of Kashrut laws.

A

Orthodox Jews

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43
Q

Low sodium diet

A

Hypertension

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44
Q

Quick and easy way to identify individuals @ nutritional risk.

A

Nutritional screening

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45
Q

What Cheilosis means?

A

Vertical cracks in lips

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46
Q

Cheilosis

A

Riboflavin, Niacin deficiency

47
Q

Dry, flaking scaly skin

A

Vitamin A, Vitamin B-complex, Linoleic Acid deficiency

48
Q

Budahism food restriction

49
Q

To counter some of the difficulties inherent in the 24- hour recall what you can use?

A

Food frequency questionnaire

50
Q

Height, weight triceps skinfold, elbow breadth, arm and head circumference

A

Anthropometric measures

51
Q

Osteomallacia, Rickets

A

Vitamin D and Calcium Deficiency

52
Q

Sufficient nutrients are consumed to support day- to - day body needs and any increased metabolic demands due to growth, illness or pregnancy

A

Optimal Nutrition Status

53
Q

Eczema

A

Linoleic Acid deficiency

54
Q

What is Follicular Hyperkeratosis?

A

Dry, bumpy skin

55
Q

Follicullar hyperkeratosis

A

Vitamin A and linoleic acid deficiency

56
Q

Muscle wasting

A

Carohydrates, proteins and fat deficiency

57
Q

Nutritional screening use in adults in a acute care setting.

A

Malnutrition Screening tool

58
Q

Dry skin, difficulting seeing @ night.

A

Riboflavin deficiency

59
Q

Body weight 20% above ideal weight.

60
Q

Bitot’s Spot

A

Vitamin A deficiency

61
Q

Pellegra

A

Chronic lack of Niacin

62
Q

Easiest and most popular method for obtaining information about dietary intake

A

24-hour recall

63
Q

Self induce vomiting or defecation after binging.

64
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Thiamine, Vitamin B6 deficiency

65
Q

Benefits of breastfeeding

A
  1. Cheaper
  2. Bounding and comfort
  3. Specific made
  4. Decrease incidence of GI problems
  5. Decrease incidence of ear infection
66
Q

Severe malnutrition

67
Q

What are 3 guides commonly used to determine an adequate diet?

A
  1. My pyramide
  2. Dietary guidelines
  3. Daily references intakes
68
Q

Bleeding gums, splinter hemorrhages of the nails, joint pain, scorbutic gums

A

Vitamin C deficiency

69
Q

Abnormalities due to nutrional deficiencies:

A
  1. Pellegra
  2. Scorbutic Gums
  3. Follicular hyperkeartosis
  4. Bitot’s spots
  5. Kwashiorkor
  6. Rickets
  7. Magenta Tongue
  8. HIV- associated malnutrition
70
Q

Acneic forehead rash

A

Vitamin B6 deficiency

71
Q

Nutritional reserves are depleted and/or when nutrient intake is inadequated to meet day- to -day or added metabolic demands.

A

Undernutrition

72
Q

What anthropometric measures evaluate?

A

Growth, development and body composition.

73
Q

Low carbohydrate diet

74
Q

Diet problems related to aging:

A
  1. Difficulties chewing/swallowing
  2. Decrease appetite
  3. Socioeconomic limitations
  4. Solitary eating
  5. Polypharmacy
  6. Poor physical/ mental health
  7. Alcoholism
  8. Limited functional abilities
75
Q

Medical term for spoon shaped nails

A

Koiloncychia

76
Q

Brittle and ridged nails or Koiloncychia

A

Iron deficiency

77
Q

Energy requirements for the aging adult decrease as a result of ?

A

Loss of lean body mass

78
Q

Whar are physiological changes in aging adults that directly affect nutritional status?

A
  1. Poor dentition
  2. Decrease visual acuity
  3. Decrease saliva production
  4. Slowed gastrointestinal motility
  5. Decrease gastrintestinal absorption
  6. Diminished olfactory and taste sensitivity
79
Q

Hinduism food restriction

A

Beef, pork, some fowl and alcohol

80
Q

Compsumptions of nutrients especially calories, sodium fat in excess of body need

A

Overnutrition

81
Q

Medical tern for excesive deposits of cholesterol

82
Q

Xanthomas

A

Excessive serum levels of LDL or VDLs

83
Q

Nutritional subjective data

A
  • Eating patterns
  • Usual weight
  • Chronic illness
  • Food allergies
  • Recent surgery/ trauma
  • Alcohol/ drugs
  • Family history
  • Change in appetite, smells, taste, chewing and swallowing
84
Q

Follicular hyperkeratosis

A

Vitamin A and linolic acid deficiency

85
Q

Foamy plaques in the eyes

A

Bitot’s spot

86
Q

Dryness of the eye

A

Xerophthalmia

87
Q

Softening of the eyes

A

Keratomalacia

88
Q

Bitot’s spots, xerophthalmia and keratomalacia

A

Vitamin A deficiency

89
Q

What DRI means?

A

Daily Refernce Intake

90
Q

Nasolabial seborrhea

A

Riboflavin and vitamin b6 deficiency

91
Q

Petiache or acchymoses

A

Vitamin C and Vitamin K deficiency

92
Q

Cracks in the skin, lesion on the hands, leg, face or neck.

A

Niacin, trytophan deficiency

93
Q

Medical term for red crcks @ sides of the mouth

A

Angular stomatitis

94
Q

Angular stomatitis

A

Riboflavin, niacin, iron Vitamin B6 deficiency

95
Q

Pain in calves, thights

A

Thiamine deficiency

96
Q

Self induce starvation

A

Anorexia nervosa

97
Q

Nuritional screening designated & validated for use in older adults in long term care and community settings

A

Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

98
Q

Ritual slaughter to ensure meat is halal

99
Q

Caloric excess

100
Q

What can be a significant source of error on the 24- hour recall?

A
  • Failure ot the patient or family to recall type or amount of food eaten.
  • Intake within the last 24 hours may be atipical of usual intake.
  • Snacks, gravies, sauces and condiments may go underreported.
  • Patient or family may lie for different reasons.
101
Q

Medical term to hyperpigmentation of the skin exposed to sunlight

A

Pellagrous dematosis

102
Q

Pellagrous dermatosis

A

Niacin deficiency

103
Q

Low fat, Low cholesterol diet

A

Hyperlipidemia and Coronary artery disease (CAD)

104
Q

Disorientation or irritability

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

105
Q

What are some of the problems with the Food Diary?

A
  • Noncompliance
  • Innaccurate recording
  • Atypical intake on the recording days
  • Conscious alteration of diet during the recording period.
106
Q

Magenta tongue

A

Riboflavin deficiency

107
Q

No caffeine

108
Q

Risk factor for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke, gallblader disease, sleep apnea, certain cancers and ostoarthristis.

A

Overnutrition

109
Q

Body mass index of 30% or grater

A

Adult obesity

110
Q

Protein/ calorie malnutrition or prolonged starvation

111
Q

First step in assessing nutritional status, is required for all patients in all health care setting within 24 hours of admission.

A

Nutrition Screening

112
Q

Vulnerable groups @ risk of undernutrition:

A
  • Adolescents
  • Infants
  • Aging adults
  • Pregnant women
  • Children
113
Q

How you access objective findings in nutrition?

A

Anthropometric measures and laboratory results.

Jarvis Physical Assessment (9 decks)

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