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Jarvis Physical Assessment > Jarvis Chapter 12 Skin, Hair and Nails > Flashcards

Jarvis Chapter 12 Skin, Hair and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

Linear or oval patch of hair loss along hair line from HAIR ROLLERS , TIGHT BRAIDING, tight ponytail, barrettes

A

Traumatic Alopecia

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2
Q

Rounded, patchy hair loss on scalp.Usually seen in FARMERS ; highly contagious, may be transmitted by another person, by domestic animals, or from soil.

A

Tineas Capitis

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3
Q

Sudden appearance of a sharply circumscribed, ROUND or oval balding patch, usually with SMOOTH, soft, hairless skin underneath.

A

Alopecia areata

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4
Q

Regrowth occurs after illness or discontinuation of toxin. Mainly ocuur due to Chemo treatment.

A

Toxic Alopecia

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5
Q

Considered an AIDS-defining illness, this can occur at any stage of HIV infection

A

Sarcoma Caposi

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6
Q

Traumatic sel-induce hair loss usually the result of compulsive twisting or plucking.

A

Trichotillomania

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7
Q

Head Lice

A

Pediculosis Capitis

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8
Q

Multiple pustules, “whiteheads,” with hair visible at CENTER and erythematous base. Usually on arms, legs, face, and buttocks

A

Folliculitis

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9
Q

Red, swollen, tender inflammation of the nails folds.

A

Paronychia

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10
Q

Acute version is usually a bacterial infection; chronic version is most often a fungal infection from a break in the cuticle in those who perform “WET” work.

A

Paronychia

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11
Q

A depression across the nail that extends down to the nail bed. Occurs with any trauma that temporarily impairs nail formation, such as acute illness, toxic reaction, or local trauma

A

Beau’s line

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12
Q

Red-brown linear STREAKS, embolic lesions, occur with subacute bacterial ENDOCARDITIS; also may occur with minor trauma

A

Splinter hemorrhages

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13
Q

Inner edge of nail elevates; nail bed angle is GREATER than 180 degrees.

A

Clubbing of the nails.

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14
Q

This is a slow, persistent fungal infection of fingernails and, more often, toenails, common in older adults.- Apearing in the NAIL PLATES

A

Onycholysis

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15
Q

The inner basal cell layer of the epidermis that forms new skin cells. made up of keratin, the fibrous protein, melanin is interspersed along this layer

A

Stratum germinativum

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16
Q

the outer horny layer of the epidermis formed by the migrated, flattened cells of the basal layer. this layer consists of dead keratinized cells that are interwoven and closely packed.

A

Stratum corneum

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17
Q

Protion of hair that is below the surface, embedded in the follicle

A

Root

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18
Q

Located in the expanded areas where the new cells are produced at a high rate

A

Bulb matrix

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19
Q

Fine, faint hair that covers most of the body

A

Vellus

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20
Q

Darker, thicker hair that grows on the scalp and eyebrows and, after puberty, on the acillae, pubic area, and the face and chest in male

A

Terminal hair

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21
Q

Oils and lubricates the skin and hair and forms an emulsion with water that retards water loss from the skin.

A

Sebum

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22
Q

Coiled tubules that open directly onto the skin surface and produce a dilute saline solution called sweat.

A

Eccrine glands

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23
Q

Producers of a thick, milky secretion that opens directly into the hair follicles. located in the axillae, anogenital area, nipple, and naval

A

Apocrine glands

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24
Q

Become active during puberty, and are stimulated with emotion and sexual stimulation

A

Apocrine glands

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25
Q

White opaque semilunar area at the proximal end of the nail.

A

Lanula

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26
Q

Fine downy hair of the newborn

A

Lanugo

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27
Q

Thick, cheesy substance present at birth that is made up of sebum and shed epithelial cells

A

Vernix Caseosa

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28
Q

An increased pigment in the areolae and nipples, vulva, and sometimes in the midline of the abdoment because of the change in hormone levels in pregnant women

A

Linea nigra

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29
Q

Increased pigmentation in the face because of a change in hormone levels in pregnant women also know as the “mask of pregnancy”

A

Chloasma

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30
Q

A dark red discolored area found in elderly because of their decreasing vascularity and increasing fragility of skin

A

Senile purpura

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31
Q

Itching

A

Pruritus

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32
Q

Complete absennce of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, body folds, and around orifices

A

Vitiligo

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33
Q

ephilides

A

Freckels

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34
Q

Mole

A

Nevus

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35
Q

Profuse perspiration

A

Diaphoresis

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36
Q

A common variation in about half of newborns that causes yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucus membranes

A

Physiological Jaundice

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37
Q

Caused by increased sebaceous gland activity in adolescence, can include milder open/closed comedones (white and black heads),

A

Acne

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38
Q

Lesions that are raised, thickened aras of pigmentation that look crusted, scaly, and warty. there are many different forms, caused by/no relation to the amount of sun exposure, malignant or benign. common in older adults

A

Keratoses

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39
Q

Acrochordons

A

Skin tags

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40
Q

Raised yellow papules that have a central dpression. common on oler men’s foreheads, nose, or cheeks

A

Sebacceous hyperplasia

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41
Q

3 layers of the skin

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneus
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42
Q

Dermis is most made out of?

A

Connective Tissue or Collagen

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43
Q

Subcutaneous layer is made out of ?

A

Adipose tissue

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44
Q

Wrinkling occour due to?

A

Loss of collagen, elastin, subcutaneous far, and a reduction of muscle tone

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45
Q

subjective data about skin

A
  1. skin disease in family?
  2. change in pigmentation?
  3. change in mole?
  4. excessive dryness or moisture- seasonal or constant?
  5. pruritus?
  6. excessive bruising?
  7. rash or lesion
    8 medications
  8. hair loss
    10.change in nails
  9. environmental or occupational hazards
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46
Q

hypopigmentation

A

Loss od color

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47
Q

hyperpigmentation

A

Increase of color

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48
Q

Oily

A

Seborrhea

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49
Q

Dry

A

Xerosis

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50
Q

Hair Loss

A

Alopecia

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51
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive hair

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52
Q

ABCDE

A
  1. asymmetry
  2. border irregularity
  3. color variation
  4. diameter greater than 6mm
  5. elevation or enlargement
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53
Q

Pallor

A

White, pale color

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54
Q

Red

A

Erythema

55
Q

Blue

A

Cyanosis

56
Q

Cyanosis indicates,

A

Hypoxemia, and occurs with shock, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, and congenital heart disease

57
Q

Lack of oxygen in the blood

A

Hypoxia

58
Q

Accompanies central circulatory problems such as shock

A

General Hypothermia

59
Q

Occurs in peripheral arterial insufficiency and Raynauds disease

A

Localized Hypothermia

60
Q

Skin feels smoother and softer like velvet

A

Hyperthyroidism

61
Q

skin feels rough, dry and flaky

A

Hypothyroidism

62
Q

Very thin, shiny skin, occurs with arterial insuffeciency

A

Atrophic

63
Q

4 point scale for edema

A
  1. Mild, slight indentation
  2. Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
  3. Deep pitting, remains for a short time, leg looks swollen
  4. Very deep pitting, lasts a long time, leg very swollen.
64
Q

Consider local or peripheral cause ( deep vein thrombosis- dvt)

A

Unilateral edema

65
Q

Generalized all over the whole body…central problem such as heart or kidney failure.

A

Bilateral edema

66
Q

Skin ability to return to place promptly when released. evident in dehydration or extreme weight loss

A

Turgor

67
Q

Literally hard skin

A

Scleroderma

68
Q

Traumatic or pathologic changes in perviously normal skin

A

Primary lesion

69
Q

When a legion changes over time because of a factor such as scratching or infection.

A

Secondary lesion

70
Q

Lesion documentation

A
  1. color
  2. elevation
  3. pattern
  4. size
  5. location
  6. exudate - note color or odor
71
Q

Hypertrophic scar, skin level is elevated by excess scar tissue most seen in african americans.

A

Keloids

72
Q

Tiny punctuate hemorrhages 1-3mm, round and discrete; caused by bleeding in superficial capillaries, will not blanch

A

Petechiae

73
Q

Purplish patch resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin >3mm

A

Ecchymosis

74
Q

Confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymosis

A

Purpura

75
Q

Atopic Dermatitis

A

Eczema

76
Q

Erythemous papules and vesicles, weeping and oozing, crusts

A

Atopic dermatitis

77
Q

Red purple maculopapular blotchy rash; rash appears first behind the ears and spreads over face, then neck, trunk, arms, legs; looks coppery and will not blanch; Koplik spots in mouth (bluish, white red based elevations)

A

Measles

78
Q

Pink, papular rash (paler than measles), first appears on face and spreads; neck lymphadenopathy, no Koplik spots

A

Rubella

79
Q

German Measles

A

Rubella

80
Q

Small tight vesicles first appear on trunk then spread to face, arms, legs; “dewdrop on rose petal”; vesicles erupt and become pustules and crusts

A

Chickenpox

81
Q

Chickenpox

A

Varicella

82
Q

Local inflammatory reaction to irritant/allergy; erythema first, then swelling, wheals/urticaria, maculopapular vesicles, scales; pruritis

A

Primary contact dermatitis

83
Q

“Althlete’s foot”, fungal infection, first appears are small vesicles between toes, sides of feet, grows scaly and hard

A

Tineas Pedis

84
Q

Cold Sores

A

Labial herpes simplex

85
Q

Herpes simplex virus (HSV); skin tingling and sensitivity; lesions erupts with tight vesicles followed by pustules and then produces acute gingivostomatitis with many shallow, painful ulcers; upper lip, oral mucosa

A

Labial herpes simplex

86
Q

Fine scaling round patches of pink, tan white than do not tan in sunlight, caused by a superficial fungal infection

A

Tinea versicolor

87
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

Shingles

88
Q

Small, group vesicles emerge along route of cutaneous sensory nerve, then pustules, and crusts; caused by varicella zoster virus (reactivating chicken pox); acute appearance, unilateral, does not cross midline

A

Herpes Zoster

89
Q

Vascular tumor, multiple patch state early lesions are faint pink on the temple and beard area

A

HIV related Sarcoma Caposi

90
Q

Prolonged, intense scratching eventually thickens the skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules; looks like surface of moss (or lichen)

A

Lichenification

91
Q

Scaly plaques that are red-tan in color and tend to increase size and roughness overtime.

A

Actinic Keratosis (senile or solar)

92
Q

Raised yellow papules with a central depresion.

A

Sebaceous Hyperplasia

93
Q

Intact skin appears red but unbroken.

A

Stage I pressure ulcer

94
Q

Completely replaced every 4 weeks

A

Epidermis

95
Q

Skin Subjective data

A
  • Past history of skin disease
  • Change in pigmentation
  • Change in mole
  • Excessive dryness or moisture
  • Pruritus
  • Excessive brusing
  • Rash or lesion
  • Medications
  • Hair loss
  • Change in nails
  • Environmental hazards
  • Self-care behaviors
96
Q

Which skin lesion in older adults is precancerus.

A

Actinic Keratosis

97
Q

Partial thickness skin erosion with loss of epidermis or also dermis.

A

Stage II pressure Ulcer

98
Q

Function of the skin

A
  • Protection
  • Prevents penetration
  • Perception
  • Temperature regulation
  • Identification
  • Communication
  • Wound repair
  • Absorption and excretion
  • Production of vitamin D
99
Q

Dry skin, aging, drug reactions, allergies, obstructive jaundice, Uremia, lice.

A

Pruritus

100
Q

Single- chambered superficial lesion containing free fluid grater than 1cm in diameter.

A

Bullae

101
Q

Most common skin problem in adolescences.

A

Acne

102
Q

Thin but tough

A

Epidermis

103
Q

Outer layer of the skin

A

Epidermis

104
Q

White spots on the nail plate

A

Leukonychia

105
Q

smooth, slighly raised bright red dots that commomnly appear on the trunk in all older than 30 year.

A

Cherry angioma

106
Q

Elevated cavity containing free fluid less than 1 cm in diameter

A

Vesicle

107
Q

Raised lesions that appear crusted, scaly and warty.

A

Seborrheic Keratosis

108
Q

Inner supportive layer of the skin

A

Dermis

109
Q

Five common skin lesions in older adults

A
  1. Senile lentigines
  2. Seborrheic Keratosis
  3. Acrochordons
  4. Actinic Keratosis
  5. Sebbaceous Hyperplasia
110
Q

Full thickness pressure ulce extending to the subcutaneos tissue and resembling a crater

A

Stage III pressure ulcer

111
Q

Bilateral edema (generalized)

A

Anasarca

112
Q

The cells are bound tightly together into sheet that form a rugged protective barrier.

A

Epidermis

113
Q

Raised lesion

A

Papule

114
Q

Flat lesions

A

Macule

115
Q

Visible projecting part of the hair

A

Shaft

116
Q

Hepatitis, cirrhosis, sicke-cell disease, transfusion reaction, hemolyc disease of the newborn

A

Jaundice

117
Q

Full thickness pressure ulcer involves all skin layers, expose muscles, tendon and/or bones.

A

Stage IV pressure ulcer

118
Q

When hair follicles develop in the fetus?

A

@ 3 month’s gestation

119
Q

Treads of keratin

A

Hair

120
Q

Components of nail examination

A
  1. Countour
  2. Consistency
  3. Color
121
Q

Fluid accumulating in the intercellular spaces

A

Edema

122
Q

Skin ability to raise

A

Mobility

123
Q

Increase in the quantity of blood flow to a body part.

A

Hyperemia

124
Q

3 sources of skin color

A
  1. Brown- melanin
  2. Yellow/orange - Carotene
  3. Red/purple - underlying vascular bed.
125
Q

Skin Cancer Risk

A
  1. Sunburn
  2. Tanning
  3. Ultraviolet exposure (sun/tanning)
  4. Asbesto
  5. Cigarettes
126
Q

In the aging adult the underlying dermis thin and flattens whih cause?

A

Wrinkling

127
Q

In the aging adult which substance loss increase the risk for shering and tearing lesions?

A

Collagen

128
Q

In the aging adult which glands decrease in numbers and funtion leaving dry skin?

A

Sweat gland and Sebaceous gland

129
Q

What put the aging adult at risk for heat stroke?

A

Decrease response on the sweat glands.

130
Q

In the aging adult vascularity of the skin diminished while __________

A

Vascular fragility increase.

131
Q

In the aging adult subsequent cell replacement slow imparing?

A

Wound healing

132
Q

Dehydraion s/s

A
  1. Mocous mmbrane is dry
  2. Lips look parched and cracked
  3. Extreme skin dryness
  4. Poor turgor
  5. Delay capillary refill
  6. Tachypnea
  7. Depressed and sunken fontanels
  8. Cachetic Apperance
133
Q

Best place to access for pallor in a non- caucasian patient

A

Membrane mucous, conjuntiva

Jarvis Physical Assessment (9 decks)

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