Jarvis Chapter 16 Nose, Mouth and Throat Flashcards
Pressure & pain of sinuses
Sinusitis
nosebleeds can be attributed to
overuse of nasal sprays, Hypertension, very dry nasal mucosa, leukemia, thrombocytopenia
Watery, clear, nasal discharge
rhinorrhea
rhinorrhea can be a sign of
past head injury, cerebrospinal fluid leak
Yellow discharge from nose
commonly occurs with a cold, rhinitis, or sinus infection.
Stuffy nose/inability to breath from both nostrils during day/night can be a
deviated septum, sinus congestion, obstruction
Decreased sense of smell
URI , Smoking, cocaine use, neurologic lesion, tumor
Possible causes of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Esophageal disorders, Anxiety, Improperly fitted dentures, neurlogical disorders
Difficulty chewing, swallowing, moving tongue/jaw may be
late sign of oral cancer
Persistent long sore throat can be a sign of
cancer
Hoarseness can be due to
Hypothyroidism, Cancer of pharynx, allergies, smoking, overuse of voice. Referreal for symptoms > 2 weeks
Excessive alcohol consumption increases risk of
oral cancer
Bruxism
grinding teeth
Bruxism (teeth grinding) can cause
TMJ issues
Causes of decreased ability to taste
? URI, Lesion of Facial nerve(CN VII), Zinc deficiency, Menopause
Proper oral hygiene prevents
dental caries & gum disease, inflammation to other body parts
Poor fitting dentures can lead to
leukoplakia (precancerous condition)
Lips of Mediterranean or dark skinned people are
Bluish or freckled
Pallor around lips can be
anemia or shock
Hypoxia or being cold can result in
bluish lips
Swollen lips occur
local/systemic allergic reaction or anaphylaxis
Number of teeth
28 (excluding wisdom)
Yellow or brownish teeth occur with
heavy coffee/tea consumption. high fluoride
Chalky white substance on tooth that turns darker over time
cavity
White spots on teeth can occur from
antibiotics
Receding gums
common in elderly, abnormal in youth
Red, swollen gums are a sign of
Gingivitis ,Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), Leukemia
Enlarged reddened gums are abnormal but can be often be seen
pregnancy, puberty, leukemia, phenytoin medication
Bluish-black line or grey-white line along gum line is
a symptom of lead poisoning.
White, curdlike patches on the tongue that scrape off easily and bleed
Candida albincans (Thrush)
Tiny white spots (Koplik’s spots) that lie over reddened mucosa in mouth
early sign of measles
brown patches inside the cheeks of those with adrenocortical deficiency
Canker sore
Deep longitudinal fissures on tongue
a sign of dehydration
black tongue
bismuth (Pepto Bismol toxicity)
Reddish shiny tongue
Vitamin B or niacin deficiency
Enlarged tongue
hypothyroidism, acromegaly and Down Synd.
Small tongue
malnutrition
Canker sores on side of tongue
abnormal but found in patients getting chemo
Loss of taste discrimination such as sweet vs. salty
Zinc deficiency, XII CN defect
Thick white plaques on hard palate
candidal infection
Deep purple, raised, or flat lesions may indicate
Kaposi’s sarcoma (common w/AIDS)
Yellow tint to hard palate
jaundice
Opening of hard palate
cleft palate
Fruity or acetone breath
diabetes ketacidosis
Ammonia breath odor
kidney disease
Foul breath odor
tooth decay or respiratory infection
Fecal breath
bowel obstruction
Sulfur breath
end-stage liver disease
Red, enlarged tonsils or may have patches of white or yellow exudate
tonsillitis
Bright red throat w/white or yellow exudate
pharyngitis
Can’t sniff or blow when one nostril is occluded
sign of swelling, rhinitis, or obstruction
nasal mucosa swollen, pale pink or bluish gray
allergies
nasal mucosa swollen and red
URI
Purulent nasal discharge
acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
Small round pale polyps in nose
common with chronic allergies
Tender maxillary sinuses w/paplation w/without crepitation
allergies or rhinosinusitis
A red glow transilluminates the frontal sinuses
normal air filled sinus
Absence of red glow transilluminating the frontal sinuses
sinus filled with fluid, thick mucus or pus
Object used to examine tongue
square gauze pad
Examination of gums and teeth
w/gloves retract lips & cheeks
To prevent gag reflex during examination of uvula
depress tongue slightly off center
Makes uvula clearer for observation
saying “aaah”
Elicit the gag reflex
depress the back of the tongue
Carbon monoxide poisoning
reddish lips
2+
midway between tonsils and uvula
1+
tonsils are visible
3+
tonsils touch uvula
4+
tonsils greatly enlarged & touching each other
Most common area for carcinoma of tongue
sides
Inspection for oral cancer
all surfaces of tongue & buccal mucosa,
Examining sinus for infection
press up on the brow on each side of the nose
To inspect salivary glands, where do you locate the Wharton’s ducts
Either side of the frenulum on the floor of the mouth
To assess mouth, nose, an sinuses
client should sit with head erect and eye level with nurse
bifid uvula
normal finding in Native Americans
Paralyses of CN X (vagus)
uvula deviates to one side and palate fails to rise
CVA may cause
asymmetrical or loss of movement of the uvula
URI nasal mucosa is
red & swollen. There should also be purulent discharge.
With transillumination test of maxillary sinus
client should remove dentures
Transillumination test should be performed
with lights off
Fissured, topographical map-like tongue
normal variation in older clients
Anatomy for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
Nasopharynx and oropharynx
exam of nares reveals small erosions in the septum. A possible cause is
recreational drugs
Assessing a client’s maxillary sinuses, a red glow appears under the client’s eyes. What does this suggest?
sinuses are not inflamed
Taking antibiotics can cause
oral candidiasis
Drying or cracking of the lips can be a sign of
dehydration
gustatory rhinitis
increased clear rhinorrhea at meal time with older adults.
cleft lip and palate has an increased incidence in
Native Americans & Asians
indication of allergies
traverse ridge
Indicative of a nasal fracture
crepitus
0-
Tonsils are not visible
