Japanese JLPT N2 文法 7

Question 1

～もかまわず

Answer 1

“without care/worry”
- without worrying about…

Usage: Nもかまわず・Vるのもかまわず

Note: cannot be used with volitional statements

Question 2

～にもかかわらず

Answer 2

“despite” - despite…

Usage: V/A/na/Nにもかかわらず

ex)　Aにも関わらずB　→　関係なく

Question 3

～にかかわらず

Answer 3

“whether or not”/”regardless of”
- whether or not (condition)… or, regardless of (condition)….

Usage: Vる・Vない・Aい・Aくない・N にかかわらず

Can also use 「にかかわりなく」

Question 4

～を問わず

（～をとわず）

Answer 4

“regardless of”
- used when there is no question or thought about importance of a particular aspect.

Usage: Nを問わず (NOUN ONLY)

ex) 経験の有無をとわず、募集。
- we are accepting applications regardless of experience.

Question 5

～やら～やら

Answer 5

Similar to using や to list things, but there is a feeling of clutter/dirtiness because of everything listed.

Usage: N/A/na/V やら

ex) 机の上は本やらノートやらでいっぱいだ。
- the desk is covered with books, notebooks, and so on.

Question 6

～につけ～につけ

Answer 6

Used to list examples that fulfil a condition, preceding and related to the main point of the sentence.

Usage: Vるにつけ・Aいにつけ

ex) いいにつけ悪いにつけ、子は親に似る。
- Children learn good and bad habits from their parents.

Question 7

～にしろ～にしろ

Answer 7

“regardless of”/”whether or not”

Usage: V/A/na/Nにしろ・V/A/na/Nにせよ

ex) 行くにしろ行かないにしろ、連絡してください。
- regardless of whether you go or don’t go, please contact me.

Question 8

～も～ば～も

～も～なら～も

Answer 8

Used when explaining two things that meet the same criterion. The word preceeding ば/なら is repeated after the 2nd も

Usage:
N2もV/A/na/N ば N2 もV/A/na/N
N2もV/A/na/N なら N2 もV/A/na/N

ex) 彼は勉強もできればスポーツもできる。
- He is good academically AND in sports.

Question 9

～ものだ

Answer 9

Indicates a general trend (how something is supposed to be).
Indicates a hope 「希望」.
Used when giving advice.

Usage: Vる/ない・Aい/くない・naな/じゃない ものだ

Informal usage →　～もんだ

Question 10

～ものではない

Answer 10

“….shouldn’t be done” or “you shouldn’t….”

Usage: Vるものではない

Informal usage →　～もんじゃない

Question 11

～というものだ

Answer 11

Used to express what is a usual thought about something. 「普通に考えれば～」

Usage: Vる・na・N というものだ

ex) 今日中にこれを全部終わらせるのは無理というものだ。
= It is impossible to finish this all today. (based on reasonable person’s thoughts)

Question 12

～ものか

Answer 12

“I will not” or “I do not” or “I am not”
(絶対にAをしない)

Usage: Vる・Aい・naな・Nな ものか

Also, 「～もんか」「～ものですか」「～もんですか」

Question 13

～を中心に

（～ちゅうしんに）

Answer 13

“in the area of”
- literally means, “right at the heart/center of”

Usage: Nを中心に

Also, 「～を中心にして」「～を中心にした」

Question 14

～をこめて

Answer 14

“As a sign of” “to signify”
- used for non-physical offerings

Usage: Nをこめて

ex) 愛をこめて、カードを贈る。
- send a card with love (as a sign of love)

Question 15

～を通じて

（～をつうじて）

Answer 15

“through” (a means of knowing something, or doing something)

Usage: Nを通じて　Nをとうじて

ex) 友人を通じて彼と知り合った。
- I met him through a friend.

Question 16

～を頼りに

（～をたよりに）

Answer 16

“with the help of” or “assisted by”

Usage: Nを頼りにV

Also, 「～を頼りにして」「～を頼りとして」

Question 17

～恐れがある

Answer 17

“there is a risk that…”

Usage: Vる・Nの 恐れがある

Question 18

～ものがある

Answer 18

Used when the speaker is expressing their opinion about an aspect of something.

Usage: Vる・Aい・naな ものがある

ex) 満員電車で毎日通勤するのはつらいものがある。
(I feel) It is hard commuting on a packed train every day.

Question 19

～ば～というものでもない

Answer 19

“Just because there is x, does not mean y is true”
- used to show that one condition does not validate another (mainly for common beliefs/thoughts).

Usage: V・Aければ～というものでもない
Also →　N・naなら～というものでもない

ex) 何でも多ければいいというものでもない
- not everything is good in excess

Question 20

どうにか～ないものか

Answer 20

“I wish I could fix the problem of…”
Used when the situation seems impossible to change/fix, but there is a feeling of wanting to fix it/hoping it could be fixed. Changing the situation is beyond the speaker’s ability.

Usage: どうにか・なんとか・もう少し Vないもの（だろう）か
Also,　→　～Vれないもの（だろう）か

Question 21

～をもとに

Answer 21

“is based on”
- used to describe the basis for the resulting outcome. x is based on y

Usage: Nをもとに

Also　→　Nをもとにして

Question 22

～につき

Answer 22

“due to” or “because of”
Same as 「～なので」or「～のため」but formal.

Usage: Nにつき

Question 23

～をきっかけに

Answer 23

“due to” or “because of”
- when something changes because of a new condition that was not present previously.

Usage: N・Vるの・Vたの きっかけに

Also →　「～を契機に」　(same meaning, but formal)

Question 24

～の際

Answer 24

“at the time of”
same as 「時」

Usage: Nの・V際に