Japanese JLPT N2 文法 7 Flashcards
~もかまわず
“without care/worry”
- without worrying about…
Usage: Nもかまわず・Vるのもかまわず
Note: cannot be used with volitional statements
~にもかかわらず
“despite” - despite…
Usage: V/A/na/Nにもかかわらず
ex) Aにも関わらずB → 関係なく
~にかかわらず
“whether or not”/”regardless of”
- whether or not (condition)… or, regardless of (condition)….
Usage: Vる・Vない・Aい・Aくない・N にかかわらず
Can also use 「にかかわりなく」
~を問わず
(~をとわず)
“regardless of”
- used when there is no question or thought about importance of a particular aspect.
Usage: Nを問わず (NOUN ONLY)
ex) 経験の有無をとわず、募集。
- we are accepting applications regardless of experience.
~やら~やら
Similar to using や to list things, but there is a feeling of clutter/dirtiness because of everything listed.
Usage: N/A/na/V やら
ex) 机の上は本やらノートやらでいっぱいだ。
- the desk is covered with books, notebooks, and so on.
~につけ~につけ
Used to list examples that fulfil a condition, preceding and related to the main point of the sentence.
Usage: Vるにつけ・Aいにつけ
ex) いいにつけ悪いにつけ、子は親に似る。
- Children learn good and bad habits from their parents.
~にしろ~にしろ
“regardless of”/”whether or not”
Usage: V/A/na/Nにしろ・V/A/na/Nにせよ
ex) 行くにしろ行かないにしろ、連絡してください。
- regardless of whether you go or don’t go, please contact me.
~も~ば~も
~も~なら~も
Used when explaining two things that meet the same criterion. The word preceeding ば/なら is repeated after the 2nd も
Usage:
N2もV/A/na/N ば N2 もV/A/na/N
N2もV/A/na/N なら N2 もV/A/na/N
ex) 彼は勉強もできればスポーツもできる。
- He is good academically AND in sports.
~ものだ
Indicates a general trend (how something is supposed to be).
Indicates a hope 「希望」.
Used when giving advice.
Usage: Vる/ない・Aい/くない・naな/じゃない ものだ
Informal usage → ~もんだ
~ものではない
“….shouldn’t be done” or “you shouldn’t….”
Usage: Vるものではない
Informal usage → ~もんじゃない
~というものだ
Used to express what is a usual thought about something. 「普通に考えれば~」
Usage: Vる・na・N というものだ
ex) 今日中にこれを全部終わらせるのは無理というものだ。
= It is impossible to finish this all today. (based on reasonable person’s thoughts)
~ものか
“I will not” or “I do not” or “I am not”
(絶対にAをしない)
Usage: Vる・Aい・naな・Nな ものか
Also, 「~もんか」「~ものですか」「~もんですか」
~を中心に
(~ちゅうしんに)
“in the area of”
- literally means, “right at the heart/center of”
Usage: Nを中心に
Also, 「~を中心にして」「~を中心にした」
~をこめて
“As a sign of” “to signify”
- used for non-physical offerings
Usage: Nをこめて
ex) 愛をこめて、カードを贈る。
- send a card with love (as a sign of love)
~を通じて
(~をつうじて)
“through” (a means of knowing something, or doing something)
Usage: Nを通じて Nをとうじて
ex) 友人を通じて彼と知り合った。
- I met him through a friend.
~を頼りに
(~をたよりに)
“with the help of” or “assisted by”
Usage: Nを頼りにV
Also, 「~を頼りにして」「~を頼りとして」
~恐れがある
“there is a risk that…”
Usage: Vる・Nの 恐れがある
~ものがある
Used when the speaker is expressing their opinion about an aspect of something.
Usage: Vる・Aい・naな ものがある
ex) 満員電車で毎日通勤するのはつらいものがある。
(I feel) It is hard commuting on a packed train every day.
~ば~というものでもない
“Just because there is x, does not mean y is true”
- used to show that one condition does not validate another (mainly for common beliefs/thoughts).
Usage: V・Aければ~というものでもない
Also → N・naなら~というものでもない
ex) 何でも多ければいいというものでもない
- not everything is good in excess
どうにか~ないものか
“I wish I could fix the problem of…”
Used when the situation seems impossible to change/fix, but there is a feeling of wanting to fix it/hoping it could be fixed. Changing the situation is beyond the speaker’s ability.
Usage: どうにか・なんとか・もう少し Vないもの(だろう)か
Also, → ~Vれないもの(だろう)か
~をもとに
“is based on”
- used to describe the basis for the resulting outcome. x is based on y
Usage: Nをもとに
Also → Nをもとにして
~につき
“due to” or “because of”
Same as 「~なので」or「~のため」but formal.
Usage: Nにつき
~をきっかけに
“due to” or “because of”
- when something changes because of a new condition that was not present previously.
Usage: N・Vるの・Vたの きっかけに
Also → 「~を契機に」 (same meaning, but formal)
~の際
“at the time of”
same as 「時」
Usage: Nの・V際に