Japanese JLPT N2 文法 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

~上に

(~うえに)

A

“Not only”
- like using し at the end of the first clause

Usage: V/A/na/N 上に

ex) 彼は仕事ができる上に優しい。
“Not only is he good at his job, but he is also a nice guy.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

~上で

(~うえで)

A

“after doing…..”
- used when the action to be completed has a prerequisite.

Usage: Vた・Nの 上で

ex) よく考えた上で決めます。
“after I think well about it, I will decide”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

~上は

(~うえは)

A

“as a result of…” “since….”
the first clause is followed by words that give advice or express determination.

Usage: V上は

ex) キャプテンに選ばれた上は、頑張るしかない。
“since I was chosen as captain, I must try my hardest”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

~の上では

(~うえでは)

A

“according to….”

Usage: Nの上では

ex) 天気図の上では春なのに、実際はまだ寒い。
“according to the patterns on the weather map it indicates it is spring, but actually it is still cold”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

~向け

(~むけ)

A

“for….”
- when describing the intended target, or for who/what something is normally associated

Usage: N向けだ

Also → 「N向けに」「N向けのN」

ex) それは、初心者向けの教科書です。
“this is a textbook for beginners”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

~次第で

(~しだいで)

A

“due to…”

Usage: N次第で

ex) 花火大会は天気次第で中止になる場合もあります。
“the fireworks display may be cancelled due to the weather.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

~次第

(~しだい)

A

“as soon as (something happens), I will….”

Usage: V次第 ← ますDrop

ex) 決まり次第、ご連絡いたします。
“As soon as it is decided, I will contact you”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

~次第です

(~しだです)

A

“the reason for….”
- same as 「~わけです」(“that is why….”)

Usage: Vる・た・ている 次第です

ex) このたび担当が替わりましたので、あいさつに伺った次第です。
“I am here to greet you because I’m the new person in charge”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

~に答えて

(~にこたえて)

A

“in response to”

Usage: Nに答えて

Also → 「Nに答え」「Nに答えるN」

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

~に対して

(~にたいして)

A

“in contrast to…”
- used when there is a contrast; focus is on the preceding statement.

Usage: N・文の・これ に対して

Also → 「Nに対するN」

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

~により

A

“in accordance with….” “by the way of….” “due to”
- to express a method, basis, cause, case

Usage: Nにより

Also → 「NによるN」

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

~にかかわって

A

“involved in” “regarding”
- similar to 「関する」

Usage: Nにかかわって

ex) 彼は汚職事件にかかわって逮捕された。
“he was arrested for being involved in a corruption case.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

~ながら

A

“while…” “although…”

Usage: N/na/Aい/V ながら

ex) 悪いことと知りながら、盗みを繰り返した。
“while I knew it was bad, I continued to steal”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

~つつ

A

“while…” “although”
- the same as「ながら」but more formal

Usage: VつつV ← ますDrop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

~つつある

A

When something is continually/gradually proceeding.
- similar feeling to 「どんどん」

Usage: Vつつある ← ますDrop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

~くせして

A

Describes a persons position/rank with regard to the current conversation; a feeling of blame or criticism.
- similar to saying “you are simply…(you don’t know anything)”

Usage: V/A/na/N くせして

ex) 知らないくせして、知っているようなことを言うな!
Don’t talk as if you know!

17
Q

~べきだ / ~べきではない

A

“should” / “should not”
- generally used by people of higher status, or to self.

Usage: Vる・す べきだ
Usage: Vる・す べきではない

ex) もっと勉強するべきだった
“I should have studied more”

18
Q

~ざるをえない

A

“must”
- to have to do something. Sometimes can have the meaning of “have no choice but to”

Usage: Vざるをえない
Note: しない→せざるをえない

ex) いやな仕事でも、生活のためには続けざるをえない。

19
Q

~ことになっている

A

“will be”
- used when there was a decision made about something that is taking place in the future

Usage: Vる・ない・Nという ことになっている

ex) 60点以上が合格ということになっている。
“A passing grade will be 60 points or more.”

20
Q

~にすぎない

A

“only” (as in “simply”; “just a simple…”)
- formal

Usage: V/A/na/N にすぎない

ex) 単なる言う間違いにすぎない。
“It was only a simple slip of the tongue”

21
Q

~にあたり

A

“when (doing something)”
- same as 「~するときに」but formal

Usage: N・Vるにあたり

Also → 「~にあたって」

ex) 図書館の利用にあたり、図書カードが必要です。
“A library card is required when you use the library”

22
Q

~に沿って

(~にそって)

A

“according to…” “based on”

Usage: Nに沿って

ex) お客様ひとりひとりのご希望に沿った旅行プランをお作りします。
“We make travel plans according to each customer’s wishes”

23
Q

~に先立ち

(~にさきだち)

A

“prior to…”
- same as 「~する前に」but formal

Usage: N・Vる に先立ち

24
Q

~わたって

A

“over large parts of” “across”
- used when to describe that something covers a large area

Usage: Nにわたって

ex) この台風の影響で、関東地方は広い範囲にわたって大雨となるでしょう。
Because of this typhoon, it is expected to rain heavily across large parts of the Kanto region.