Japanese JLPT N2 文法 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

~げ

A

Used with adjectives to express the perception of someone else’s body language.

Usage: A・na げ

ex) あの人はさびしげな目をしている。
“That person has a lonely look in his eye.”

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2
Q

~がち

A

“tend to”
- used to express high frequency of something; same as 「~することが多い」

Usage: N・Vがち

ex) 私は子供の頃、病気がちだった。
“I tended to get sick when I was a child”

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3
Q

~っぽい

A

Used to describe how something looks.

Usage: N・V・A っぽい

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4
Q

~気味

(~ぎみ)

A

“a bit”
- similar to using 「ちょっと」

Usage: V・N気味

ex) 新入社員は緊張気味の顔をしていた。
“the new employee looked a little bit nervous.”

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5
Q

~ものなら

A

“if it were possible, then…”

Usage: Vれるものなら

ex) 帰れるものなら、今すぐ国へ帰りたい。
If I could, I’d go back to my country right now.

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6
Q

~ものだから

A

“because”
- when giving reasoning for an action/behaviour

Usage: V/na/A/N ものだから

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7
Q

~もの

A

“because”
- informal; generally used by girls

Usage: V/A/na/N もの

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8
Q

~ものの

A

“Although…”

Usage: V/A/na/N ものの

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9
Q

~はもとより~も

A

“let alone” “of course”

Usage: Nはもとより ~も

ex) うちには、車はもとより自転車もないんです。
My family doesn’t have a bike, let alone a car.

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10
Q

~はともかく~は

A

“no matter (x), (this aspect of x) is….”
- used to explain that something still functions as expected despite not seeming typical.

Usage: N1はともかくN2は

ex) 母の料理は見た目はともかく味はおいしい。
“(no matter) whether it looks good or not, my mother’s cooking tastes good”

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11
Q

~はまだしも

A

Used when explaining something has a limit. Something can only be handled to a certain point, after which it becomes impossible.

Usage: Nは・Nなら まだしも

ex) 私の英語力では、旅行はまだしも、留学なんて無理です。
With my English skills, I can handle travelling, but not studying abroad.

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12
Q

~は抜きにして

(~はぬきにして)

A

“without” “not the case”

Usage: Nは・N(を) 抜きにして

ex) 皆さん、仕事の話は抜きにして、楽しく飲みましょう。
“Everyone, let’s enjoy drinking without talking about work”

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13
Q

~でたまらない

A

“a lot” “extremely”
- similar to using 「とても」

Usage: Aくて・naで・Vたくて たまらない

ex) 子供のことが心配でたまらない。
“I am so worried about my children”

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14
Q

~でしょうがない

A

Used to express “it can’t be helped but to…”
- similar to 「とても」

Usage: Aくて・naで・Vて しょうがない

ex) そんな方法では、時間がかかってしょうがない。
“It will take you forever to do it that way.” (You can’t help but take a lot of time if you do it that way).

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15
Q

~てかなわない

A

“I can’t stand…”

Usage: Aくて・naで かなわない

ex) 隣の工事がうるさくてかんわない。
“I can’t stand the noise from the construction going on next door”

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16
Q

~でならない

A

“extremely”
- similar to 「とても」but formal

Usage: Aくて・naで・Vてならない

ex) 親友の結婚式に出席できないのが、残念でならない。

17
Q

~ないことはない

A

“it’s not that…, it’s just…” OR “however”

Usage: Aく・naじゃ・V・Vられ ないことはない

ex) 食べないことはないが、あまり好きじゃない。
“It’s not that I won’t eat it, I just don’t like it that much”

18
Q

~ないこともない

A

“it is not impossible…”

Usage: Aく・naじゃ・V・Vられ ないこともない

ex) この会社を辞める人の気持ちがわからないこともない。
“It is understandable why he/she has quit this company”

19
Q

~ないではいられない

A

“I couldn’t help but to…”

Usage: Vないではいられない

ex) 工事の音がうるさくて、耳をふさがないではいられない。
“The noise from the construction was so loud, I couldn’t help but to cover my ears”

20
Q

~ずにはいられない

A

“I couldn’t help but to…”
- similar to 「~ないではいられない」but formal

Usage: Vずにはいられない

21
Q

~ねばならない

A

“must”
- same as 「~なければならない」but formal

Usage: Vねばならない

ex) ビザが切れたので、国に帰らねばならない。
“I must go back to my country as my visa has expired.”

22
Q

~てはならない

A

“should not”
- (it would be bad to…)

Usage: Vてはならない

ex) 失敗を人のせいにしてはなりません。
“You should not put blame on others for your own failure”

23
Q

~ていられない

A

“can’t afford to…” “have no time to…”

Usage: Vていられない

ex) 田中君、遅いなあ。もう待ってられないから先に行こう。
“Tanaka is very late. I can’t afford to wait for him (now), so let’s go ahead.”

24
Q

~てばかりはいられない

A

“I cannot (continue to)…” “I cannot afford to…”

Usage: Vてばかりはいられない

ex) もう親に頼ってばかりはいられない。
“I cannot continue to depend on my parents.”