Japanese JLPT N2 文法 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

~っこない

A

“it is impossible to”

Usage: Vっこない

ex) 今の実力では、試験に受かりっこない。
“It is impossible to pass the test with my current abilities”

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2
Q

~かねない

A

“it is quite possible that….”
- similar to using 「~かもしれない」

Usage: Vかねない ← ますDrop

ex) そんなひどいことも、あの人なら言いかねない。
“It wouldn’t surprise me that he said something that horrible.”

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3
Q

~かねる

A

“cannot’
- formal

Usage: Vかねる ← ますDrop

ex) そのようなご依頼は、お引き受けしかねます。
“I cannot accept such a request”

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4
Q

~がたい

A

“it is hard to believe/accept…”
- unrelated to ability

Usage: Vがたい ← ますDrop

ex) これは信じがたい話だが、事実である。
“it is hard to believe this story, but it is true.”

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5
Q

~ことから

A

Used to express the reason for something being known as it is.

Usage: V/A/na/N ことから

ex) 富士山が見えることから、この町は富士見町と言う名前がついた
“This town was named Fujimicho because you can see Mt Fuji”

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6
Q

~のことだから

A

Used to express a perception of someone/something.

Usage: Nのことだから

ex) いつも遅刻する彼のことだから、もうすぐ現れるだろう。
“He is always late. He should be arriving soon.”

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7
Q

~ことなく

A

Without something happening.

Usage: Vることなく

ex) 雨は休むことなく降り続いた。
“It rained continuously without stopping”

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8
Q

~ないことには~ない

A

Used when there is a prerequisite condition. (if x doesn’t happen, y cannot happen)

Usage: V1ないことにはV2ない

ex) 実物を見ないことには、買う気にはなれない。
I won’t feel like buying it until I actually see it.

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9
Q

~て当然だ

(~てとうぜんだ)

A

“it is normal/unsurprising/expected, given that….”

Usage: Vて・Aくて・naで 当然だ

Also → 「~当たり前だ」

ex) 相手のチームは弱い。勝って当たり前だ。
The other team is weak, so it was expected that we would win.

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10
Q

~のももっともだ

A

“as expected”

Usage: Vる・Aい・naな のもっともだ

ex) 君が裏切ったのだから、彼女が怒るのももっともだ。
“You let her down, so no wonder she is mad” (as expect)

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11
Q

~も同然だ

(~もどうぜんだ)

A

“it is like…”
- means the same as 「~と同じようだ」

Usage: V・Nも同然だ

ex) この車は中古車といっても新品も同然だ。

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12
Q

~だけましだ

A

Used to express that having something is better than not having it.

Usage: V/A/na/N だけましだ

ex) 君は仕事があるだけましだよ。俺は首になってしまった。
You should be grateful for even having a job. I have just been fired.

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13
Q

~だけあって。

A

“it was…”
- same as using 「らしい」

Usage: V/A/na/N だけあって

ex) このバッグは安いだけにすぐに壊れてしまった。
“This bag was very cheap, so it fell apart quickly”

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14
Q

~ばかりか~も

A

“not only…., but also….”

Usage: V/A/na/N ばかりか~も

ex) あの人は、学校の成績が良いばかりかスポーツもできる。
“Not only does he have a good school record, he can also play sports well”

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15
Q

~ばかりに

A

Emphasizes the reason why something happened.
- similar to using 「~ために」

Usage: ばかりに

ex) あの飛行機に乗ったばかりに、彼は死んだ。
“Because he went on that plane, he died. “

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16
Q

~のみらず~も

A

“Not only…., but also….”
- similar to「~ばかりか~も」but formal

Usage: V/A/na/N のみならず~も

17
Q

~ではないか

A

“Let’s…”
- same as 「~ましょう」but formal; a strong invitation

Usage: Vようではないか

Also → 「~じゃないか」

18
Q

~ようがない

A

“there is no way to…”
- regarding possibility, not ability

Usage: Vようがない ← ますDrop

ex) 何と言ったらいいのか、言いようがない。
“I really don’t know how to express it.”

19
Q

~かのようだ

A

“as if”

Usage: V/A/na/N かのとうだ

ex) 葬式が始まると雨が降り出した。まるで空が泣いているかのようだ。
“When the funeral started, it began to rain. It was as if the sky was crying”

20
Q

~そうにない

A

“probably cannot…”
- used when the possibility is very low.

Usage: Vそうにない ← ますDrop

ex) できそうもないことを、できると言ってしまって後悔している。
“I regret offering to do something which I probably cannot.

21
Q

~に際して

(~にさいして)

A

“when…” “at the time of…”

Usage: N・Vる に際して

ex) お申し込みに際しては、写真が必要となります。
“When you apply, a photograph is required”

22
Q

~に基づいて

(~にもとづいて)

A

“based on…”

Usage: Nに基づいて

ex) この工事は市の計画に基づいて進められます。
“This construction is being put forward based on the city’s plans”

23
Q

~に応じて

(~におうじて)

A

“according to…”

Usage: Nに応じて

ex) ソフトは、必要に応じてダウンロードしてください。
“please download the software according to your needs”

24
Q

~の下で

(~のもとで)

A

“under”
- used when receiving a benefit from the thing you are under

Usage: Nの下で

ex) 田中先生のご指導の下、研究論文を書いています。
“I am writing my research paper under the guidance of Tanaka-sensei”