Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > IV Fluids-Electrolytes > Flashcards

IV Fluids-Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the unit of measurement for electrolytes?

A

Millimole (mmol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the electrolytes in your body?

A

Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), chloride (Cl-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of IV solutions

A

Colloids, crystalloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are crystalloid solutions used for?

A

Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
Electrolyte replacement
Route for medication
Short term intravascular volume expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Colloids

A

Do not dissolve but form a suspension
Do not pass through semi-permeable membranes but will cause H2O to cross the membrane through osmosis to equalize concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Crystalloid

A

Solutions truly dissolve, molecules or atoms separate and disperse completely and equally throughout solvent
Dissolved molecules cross the membrane through osmosis to equalize concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dehydration

A

Inadequately total systemic fluid volume
Chronic condition of elderly or very young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Signs of dehydration/hypovolemia

A

Decreased urine output, hypotension, weak pulse, tachycardia, dry mucous membranes, skin turgor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can cause dehydration/hypovolemia

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fluid overload

A

Total systemic fluid volume increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fluid overload signs

A

Hypertension, pulmonary crackles, SOB, peripheral edema, JVD, bounding pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can cause fluid overload

A

Cardiac failure, IV fluid mistakes, renal failure, HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Isotonic solutions

A

Expand the contents of the intravascular compartment without shifting fluid to or from other compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of isotonic solutions

A

Normal saline 0.9%
Ringer’s lactate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Isotonic solution 3 to 1 rule

A

3mL of isotonic crystalloid solution is needed to replace 1mL of patients blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long does it take for approximately 2/3 of infused IV fluid to leave the vascular space

A

1 hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

0.9% normal saline mechanism of action

A

Replaces fluid and electrolytes, isotonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

0.9% normal saline indications

A

Heat-related problems, shock, hypovolemia, hyperglycaemia, sepsis

19
Q

0.9% normal saline contraindications

A

None

20
Q

0.9% normal saline adverse reactions

A

Rare in therapeutic dosages

21
Q

0.9% normal saline considerations

A

Care should be used in patients with congestive heart failure, renal compromise, hypertension

22
Q

Lactated ringers mechanism of action

A

Replaces water and electrolytes (NA+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-), isotonic solution

23
Q

Lactated ringers indications

A

Hypovolemic shock; acute blood loss, burns

24
Q

Lactated ringers contraindications

A

Liver failure patients (cannot metabolize lactate)

25
Q

Lactated ringers adverse reactions

A

Rare in therapeutic dosages

26
Q

Lactated ringers considerations

A

Blood work prior for levels, care should not be used in patients with CHF, renal failure, electrolyte imbalances or edema.

27
Q

Lactated ringers consideration levels

A

Sodium - 130 mEq/L
Potassium - 4 mEq/L
Calcium - 30 mEq/L
Chloride - 109 mEq/L
Lactate - 28 mEq/L

28
Q

5% dextrose in water mechanism of action

A

Provides nutrients in the form of dextrose as well as free water, isotonic solution but changes to hypotonic when dextrose is metabolized

29
Q

5% dextrose in water indications

A

For dilution of concentrated drugs for intravenous infusion, compatibility with IV infusion medications

30
Q

5% dextrose in water contraindications

A

Should not be used as a fluid replacement for hypovolemic states

31
Q

5% dextrose in water adverse reactions

A

Rare in therapeutic dosages

32
Q

5% dextrose in water considerations

A

Hyperglycemia

33
Q

Dextrose in water D10W/D25W mechanism of action

A

Provides nutrients in the form of dextrose as well as free water, hypertonic solution

34
Q

Dextrose in water D10W/D25W indications

A

Neonatal resuscitation, hypoglycemia in children

35
Q

Dextrose in water D10W/D25W contraindications

A

Should not be used as a fluid replacement for hypovolemic states

36
Q

Dextrose in water D10W/D25W adverse reactions

A

Rare in therapeutic dosages

37
Q

Dextrose in water D10W/D25W considerations

A

None

38
Q

Normal saline 2/3, dextrose respectively 1/3 mechanism of action

A

Replaces free water and electrolytes and provides nutrients in the form of dextrose, hypertonic solution

39
Q

Normal saline 2/3, dextrose respectively 1/3 indications

A

Impaired cardiovascular, heat-related disorders

40
Q

Normal saline 2/3, dextrose respectively 1/3 contraindications

A

Should not be given to patients with impaired renal function

41
Q

Normal saline 2/3, dextrose respectively 1/3 adverse reactions

A

Rare in therapeutic dosages

42
Q

Normal saline 2/3, dextrose respectively 1/3 considerations

A

None

43
Q

Why are colloids rarely used in prehospital setting?

A

If not in a controlled setting it can be dangerous because of the dramatic fluid shift

44
Q

Colloids

A

Contain proteins to large to pass out of vascular compartments.
Expand plasma volume.
Draws fluid from interstitial space/intracellular into vascular compartments

Pharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions