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ITM 102 > ITM Chap 5 > Flashcards

ITM Chap 5 Flashcards

1
Q

IT Infrastructure

A

Shared technology resources that provide the platform for the firm’s specific information system applications. It includes investment in hardware, software, and services such as consulting, education, and training

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2
Q

IT Services

A
  • Computing Platforms
  • Telecomunications Services
  • Data Management
  • Application Software Services
  • Physical Facilities management services
  • IT management services
  • IT Standard services
  • IT education services
  • IT research and developement
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3
Q

Mainframe

A

Was introduced by IBM in 1959. It is the largest category of computer, used for major business processing

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4
Q

Minicomputers

A

Introduced by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1965, they allowed decentralized computing, customized to the needs of individual departments or business units

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5
Q

Midrange Computer of Midrange Server

A

Has evolved from the minicomputer, it is capable of supporting the computing needs of smaller organizations or of managing networks of other computers

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6
Q

Wintel PC

A

Windows operating system software on a computer with an Intel microprocessor

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7
Q

Personal Computer

A

Democratized by IBM in 1981, they are small desktop or portable computer

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8
Q

Client Server Computing

A

A model for computing that splits processing between clients and servers on a network, assigning functions to the machine most able to perform the function

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9
Q

Client Computer

A

Laptop or desktop computer

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10
Q

Server Computer

A

Computer specifically optimized to provide software and other resources to other computers over a network. The term “server” refers to both the software application and the physical computer on which the network software runs

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11
Q

Multitiered or N-tier Client/ Server Architectures

A

Found in most corporations, the work of the entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers, depending on the kind of service being requested

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12
Q

Web Server

A

Software that manages requests for Web pages on the computer where they are stored and that delivers the page to the user’s computer

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13
Q

Application Server

A

Software that handles all application operations between browser-based computers and a company’s back-end business applications or databases

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14
Q

Windows

A

Leading operating system

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15
Q

Cloud Computing

A

Refers to a model of computing that provides access to a shared pool of computing resources (computers, storage, applications, and services) over a network, often the Internet

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16
Q

Moore’s Law

A
  • The power of microprocessors doubles every 18 months
  • Computing power doubles every 18 months
  • The price ofcomputing falls by half every 18 months
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17
Q

Nanotechnology

A

Uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit

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18
Q

The Law of Mass Digital Storage

A

The cost of storing digital information is falling at an exponential rate of 100 percent a year

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19
Q

Metcalfe’s Law and Network Economics

A

The value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network membersbecause of increasing returns to scale

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20
Q

Technology Standards

A

specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the ability to communicate in a network. Responsable for economy of scale

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21
Q

7 componants of IT Infrastructure Ecosystem

A
  • Internet Platforms
  • Computer Hardware Platforms
  • Operatong System Platform
  • Enterprise Software Application
  • Networking/Telecomunication
  • Consultant and System Intergator
  • Data Management and Storage
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22
Q

Blade Servers

A

Ultrathin computers consisting of a circuit board with processors, memory, and network connections stored in racks

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23
Q

Unix

A

Corporate Operating System

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24
Q

Linus

A

Open source operating system

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25
Q

Operating System

A

The system software that manages and controls the activities of the computer

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26
Q

Chrome OS

A

Google operating system for cloud computing

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27
Q

Android

A

A mobile operating system developed by Android, Inc

28
Q

2 Enterprise Software Application Provider

A

SAP

Oracle

29
Q

Storage Area Networks (SANs)

A

A high-speed network dedicated to storage that connects different kinds of storage devices, such as tape libraries and disk arrays so they can be shared by multiple servers

30
Q

Web Hosting Service

A

Maintains a large Web server, or series of servers, and provides fee-paying subscribers with space to maintain their Web sites

31
Q

Legacy System

A

Generally older transaction processing systems, created for mainframe computers, that continue to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or redesigning them; but the term also refers to any older system no matter what infrastructure it uses

32
Q

7 Hardware Trends

A
  • Mobile digital platform
  • Grid computing
  • Virtualization
  • Cloud computing
  • Green computing
  • High-performance/ power-saving processors
  • Autonomic computing
33
Q

Grid Computing

A

Involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network to create a virtual supercomputer by combining the computational power of all computers on the grid. It takes advantage of the fact that most computers use their central processing units on average only 25 percent of the time

34
Q

Virtualization

A

The process of presenting a set of computing resources (such as computing power or data storage) so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical confi guration or geographic location

35
Q

Benefits of Virtualization

A
  • Increase equipment utilization rates
  • Conserve data centre space
  • Decrease energy usage
36
Q

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

A
  • On-demand self-service
  • Ubiquitous network access
  • Location-independent resource pooling
  • Rapid elasticity
  • Metered service
37
Q

3 Types of Cloud Computing Services

A
  • Cloud infrastructure as a service
  • Cloud platform as a service
  • Cloud software as a service
38
Q

Cloud Infrastructure as a Service

A

Customers use processing, storage, networking, and other computing resources from cloud service providers to run their information systems

39
Q

Cloud Platform as a Service

A

Customers use infrastructure and programming tools
hosted by the service provider to develop their own applications

40
Q

Cloud Software as a Service

A

Customers use software hosted by the vendor on the vendor’s hardware and delivered over a network

41
Q

Public Cloud

A

Maintained by an external service provider, such as Amazon Web Services, accessed through the Internet, and available to the general public

42
Q

Private Cloud

A

Proprietary network or a data centre that ties together servers, storage, networks, data, and applications as a set of virtualized services shared by users inside a company

43
Q

Utility Computing

A

Model of computing in which companies pay only for the information technology resources they actually use during a specified time period. Also called on-demand computing or usage-based pricing

44
Q

Green Computing / Green IT

A

Refers to practices and technologies for designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated devices such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems to minimize impact on the environment

45
Q

Microprocessors

A

Very large scale integrated circuit technology that integrates the computer’s memory, logic, and control on a single chip

46
Q

Multicore Processor

A

an integrated circuit to which two or more processor cores have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks

47
Q

Autonomic Computing

A

An industry-wide effort to develop systems that can
configure themselves, optimize and tune themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction

48
Q

Open Source Software

A

software produced by a community of programmers. Such software is free and may be modified by users; works derived from the original code must also be free; and the software can be redistributed by the user without additional licensing.

49
Q

Object Oriented Programming

A

An approach to software development that combines data and procedures into a single object

50
Q

Java

A

Operating-system-independent, processor-independent, object-oriented programming language that has become the leading interactive environment for the Web. It can handle text, data, graphics, sound, and video, all within one program if needed

51
Q

Web Browser

A

An easy-to-use software tool for accessing the World Wide Web and the Internet

52
Q

Graphical User Intrefase

A

The part of an operating system users interact with that uses graphic icons and the computer mouse to issue commands and make selections

53
Q

Web Services

A

Set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using universal Web communication standards and languages. They can exchange information between two different systems regardless of the operating systems or programming languages on which the systems are based

54
Q

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

A

General-purpose language that describes the structure of a document and supports links to multiple documents, allowing data to be manipulated by the computer. More flexible and powerful than HTML.

55
Q

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

A

A page description language for specifying how text, graphics, video, and sound are placed on a Web page document

56
Q

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)

A

A set of rules for structuring messages that enables applications to pass data and instructions to one another

57
Q

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

A

A set of self-contained services that communicate with each other using XML or SOAP to create a working software application

58
Q

Software Package

A

A pre-written commercially available set of software programs that eliminates the need for a fi rm to write its own programs for certain functions, such as payroll processing or order handling

59
Q

Software Outsourcing

A

Enables a firm to contract custom software development or maintenance of existing legacy programs to outside firms, which often operate offshore in low-wage areas of the world. Provide lower level maintenance and call center operations

60
Q

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A

Services for delivering and providing access to software remotely as a Web-based service

61
Q

Service Level Agreement (SLA)

A

A formal contract between customers and their service providers that defi nes the specific responsibilities of the service provider and the level of service expected by the customer

62
Q

Mashups

A

Customized application composed of self-contained programs or interchangeable components that integratefreely with other applications on the Internet

63
Q

Apps

A

Small pieces of software that run on the Internet, a computer, or a cell phone and are generally delivered over the Internet

64
Q

Scalability

A

The ability of a computer, product, system, or network to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down

65
Q

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

A

The actual cost of owning technology resources includes the original cost of acquiring and installing hardware and software, as well as ongoing administration costs for hardware and software upgrades, maintenance, technical support, training, and even utility and real estate costs for running and housing
the technology

ITM 102 (10 decks)

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