ITM Chap 4 Flashcards
Ethics
The principles of right and wrong that individuals, acting as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behaviours
3 levels of disturbance caused by IT
- Political
- Social
- Ethical
5 Moral Dimentions of the Information Age
- Information rights ad obligations
- Property rights and obligations
- Accountability and control
- System Quality
- Quality of life
Information Rights
The rights that individuals and organizations have with respect to information that pertains to themselves
Profiling
The use of computers to combine data from multiple sources and create electronic dossiers of detailed information on individuals
NORA
Nonbovious Relationship Awareness, can take information about people from many disparate sources and correlate relationships to find hidden correlations
Responsibility
To accept potential cose, duties, and obligations for decisions made
Accountability
mechanisms are in place to determine who took responsible action, and who is responsible
Liability
Extends the concept of responsibility further to the area of laws. It is a feature of political systems in which a body of laws is in place that permits individuals to recover the damages done to them by other actors, systems, or organizations
Due Process
Laws are known and understood and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly
5 Steps Ethical Analysis
- Identify and clearly describe the facts
- Define the conflict or dilemma, and identify the higher-order values involved
- Identify the stakeholders
- Identify the options that you can reasonably take
- Identify the potential consequences of your options
6 Ethical principles
- The Golden Rule
- Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative
- Descartes’ rule of change
- Utilitarian Principle
- Risk Aversion Principle
- Ethical “no free lunch” Rule
The Golden Rule
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative
If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone
Descartes’ rule of change
If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all
Utilitarian Principle
Take the action that achieves the higher or greater value
Risk Aversion Principle
Take the action that produces the least harm or the least potential cost
Ethical “no free lunch” Rule
Assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone else unless there is a specific declaration otherwise
Privacy
The claim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference from other individuals or organizations, including the state
PIPEDA
Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act
Informed Consent
Consent given with knowledge of all the facts needed to make a rational decision
Safe Harbour
A private, selfregulating policy and enforcement mechanism that meets the objectives of government regulators and legislation but does not involve government regulation or enforcement
Cookies
Small text fi les deposited on a computer hard drive when a user visits Web sites. Cookies identify the visitor’s Web browser software and track visits to the site.
Web Beacons or Bugs
Tiny objects invisibly embedded in e-mail messages and Web pages that are designed to monitor the behaviour of the user visiting a site or sending e-mail
