Italy, Generic North and Piedmont Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the DOC and DOCG system created in Italy?

A

1963

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2
Q

Which year the first DOCG got awarded?

A

1980

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3
Q

What the Goria law established? Which year?

A
1992, a regulation offering producers more freedom 
Created IGT (PGI)
first appeared in 1994
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4
Q

1st white DOCG, which year and which one?

A

Albana di Romagna 1987

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5
Q

Which were the first wines to get DOCG in Italy? Which year?

A

July 1980,
Barolo, Brunello, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
However in October 1980, Barbaresco got recognised DOCG too

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6
Q

How many DOCG in Italy? When the last one got awarded?

A
  1. The last one got approved in July 2019
    Terre Tollesi/ Tullum DOCG (Abruzzo)
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7
Q

Most planted W and R grapes in Piedmont?

A

Barbera and Moscato Bianco

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8
Q

Synonim of Vermentino in Piedmont?

A

Favorita

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9
Q

River of Barolo

A

tanaro

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10
Q

Name 3 iconic modernist and 3 iconic traditionalist of Barolo

A

Trad-> Conterno, B.Mascarello, G. Rinaldi

Mod-> Scavino, Sandrone, E. Altare

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11
Q

What is Barolo Chinato?

A

A style allowed by Barolo DOCG
aromatised wine flavoured with quinine
Cappellano is an iconic producer

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12
Q

In which year the Barolo/Barbaresco Langhe Consorzio finally voted to enshrine the Crus of Barbaresco and Barolo as legal ‘Menzioni Geografiche Aggiuntive’ of the DOCG?

A

2007 in Barbaresco

2010 in Barolo

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13
Q

Synonim of Uva Rara in piedmont

A

Bonarda Novarese

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14
Q

What’s the river that touches Ghemme and Gattinara?

A

Sesia

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15
Q

Which DOCG is the largest producer by volume?

A

Asti/Moscato d’Asti DOCG

Nearly 650,000 HL (Or more)

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16
Q

River of Valle d’Aosta?

A

Dora Baltea

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17
Q

Synonim of Nebbiolo in Valle d’Aosta

A

Picotendro

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18
Q

Synonim of Prié Blanc in Valle d’Aosta

A

Blanc de Morgex

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19
Q

What is Premetta ? What style would you expect to find from it?

A

Prëmetta is thin skinned, low pigment variety

In Valle d’Aosta DOC, if varietally labelled, most likely, it will be rose

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20
Q

Which Geographical Feature touch Franciacorta in the North?

A

Lago d’Iseo. River Oglio becomes the Lake

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21
Q

What Sciacchetrá means?

A

Passito style, allowed in 5 terre DOC

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22
Q

What style is Sciactrà?

A

Rosato in Ligura, Particularly in Pormassio DOC

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23
Q

What Ormeasco is a synonym for?

A

Dolcetto in Liguria

DOC Pornassio makes Ormeasco di Pornassio

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24
Q

Synonim of Tibouren in Liguria

A

Rossese

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25
Q

Who made Lambrusco in the 70s one of the biggest export success stories?

A

Banfi, under ‘Riunite’ brand

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26
Q

What is Kretzer?

A

Rosato.

Trad term protected by the EU for Rosato wines within 3 (or 4) DOC of Trentino Alto Adige

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27
Q

What is ‘Klausner Laitacher’?

A

It’s a red wine produced from Schiava, Portoghese, Lagrein and PN

From Alto Adige DOC, in the Valle Isarco subzone. Only from the communes of Barbiano, Chiusa, Velturno, Villandro

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28
Q

Synonim of Schiava in Trentino Alto Adige?

A

Vernatsch

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29
Q

What is the finest growing region for Lagrein?

A

Gries, a flatter growing area just outside of Bolzano

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30
Q

What are the Fruttai?

A

In Valpolicella, lofts where grapes are left to dry.

Used for Recioto and Amarone

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31
Q

In Which year the Amarone DOCG got approved?

A

2010, with Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG

Controversial

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32
Q

What are the Graticci?

A

Bamboo mats used to dry grapes that will be used in Recioto (particularly Recioto Soave, Gambellara)

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33
Q

What are the Picai?

A

It’s a process were grapes are left to dry, typically associated for Recioto di Gambellara

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34
Q

Can Asolo Prosecco and Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Docgs make still wine?

A

Yes

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35
Q

In which years the EU Common Market Organisation reforms came online?
What happened?

A

from 2008 through 2011
The jurisdiction over the final approval of new appellations transferred from Rome to Brussels
From 2009 to late 2011 the number of DOCGs shot from under 50 to 73, as officials rushed to fulfill over 300 requests to approve or change the status of appellations across the country

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36
Q

What are the 4 tiers of Italian wine Law?

A

Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) / Denominazione di Origine Protetta (DOP)

Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) / Denominazione di Origine Protetta (DOP)

Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) / Indicazione Geografica Protetta (IGP)

Vino (formerly Vino da Tavola)

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37
Q

Unity of Italy?

A

1861

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38
Q

When was the province of Trentino-Alto Adige added to Italy?

A
  1. Not until the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I.
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39
Q

What culture influence abound in the Tre Venezie?

A

German and Slavic

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40
Q

Which Italian regions are nearly autonomous?

A

Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto-Adige

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41
Q

What’s the official language of the Valle d’Aosta?

A

Italian, French

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42
Q

Name the Italian northern regions from west to east

A

Piemonte, Valle D’Aosta (north of Piedmont), and Liguria (south of Piedmont.
Lombardia, Trentino Alto Adige, Veneto(South-ish of Trentino) Friuli, Venezia Giulia, Eastern Corner.
Emilia Romagna southern of the above regions.

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43
Q

Piemonte, what does it board with?

A

Liguria to the South, France to the west, Valle d’Aosta N-W, and Switzerland N-E, Lombardia to the east and to the eastern southernmost corner a little bit of Emilia Romagna

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44
Q

What’s the name of the river that divides Ghemme from Gattinara in Alta Piemonte?

A

Sesia

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45
Q

Notable DOC and DOCG in Alta Piemonte Nebbiolo based?

A

Ghemme and Gattinara DOCGs (Spanna)

Boca, Sizzano, Fara, Bramaterra, Lessona, Carema DOCs

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46
Q

What are the common blending partners for Nebbiolo in Alta Piemonte?

A

Vespolina, Uva Rara (Bonarda Novarese), Croatina

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47
Q

How many DOCG, DOC in Piedmont?

A

17 DOCG , 42 DOC

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48
Q

Name the 5 DOCG based on Nebbiolo in Piedmont?

A

Barbaresco, Barolo, Ghemme, Gattinara, Roero

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49
Q

Which DOCG in Piedmont are for White Wine?

A

Erbaluce di Caluso, Gavi

Roero

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50
Q

Which DOCG in Piedmont are based on Barbera?

A

Barbera d’Asti, Barbera del Monferrato Superiore, Nizza

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51
Q

Which DOCG in Piedmont are based on Dolcetto?

A

Dogliani, Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba, Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore

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52
Q

What’s the style of Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG?

A

red, based on Ruché (90%)

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53
Q

What’s the percentage of Dolcetto required in Dogliani?

A

100%

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54
Q

What’s the percentage of Dolcetto required in Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba?

A

100%

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55
Q

What’s the percentage of Dolcetto required in Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore?

A

100%

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56
Q

What’s the main grape of Erbaluce di Caluso?

What percentage of it is required?

A

Erbaluce,

100%

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57
Q

What’s the main grape of Gavi?

What percentage of it is required?

A

Cortese,

100%

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58
Q

What’s the main grape of Roero?

What percentage of it is required?

A

w -> arneis min 95%

r -> Nebbiolo min 95%

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59
Q

What’s the main grape of Barolo?

What percentage of it is required?

A

Nebbiolo, 100%

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60
Q

What’s the main grape of Barbaresco?

What percentage of it is required?

A

100% Nebbiolo

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61
Q

What’s the main grape of Gattinara?

What percentage of it is required?

A

Spanna, 90% min

Plus Bonarda and Vespolina

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62
Q

What’s the main grape of Ghemme?

What percentage of it is required?

A

Spanna, min 85%

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63
Q

Which DOCG in Piedmont based on barbera requires 100% of it?

A

Nizza

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64
Q

Which Piedmont DOCGs allow SPK?

A

Alta Langa, Asti, Brachetto d’Aqui, Erbaluce di Caluso, Gavi, Roero

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65
Q

What’s the main grape of Alta Langa DOCG?

What percentage of it is required?

A

its min 90% of PN and CH

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66
Q

What’s the main grape of Asti DOCG?

What percentage of it is required?

A

Moscato Bianco 100%

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67
Q

What’s the main grape of Brachetto d’Aqui?

What percentage of it is required?

A

min 97% Brachetto

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68
Q

What’s the main grape of Roero for the spk style?

What percentage of it is required?

A

Arneis Spumante, min 95%

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69
Q

Which Docgs in Piedmont allow sweet styles?

A

Asti DOCG,
Brachetto d’Aqui DOCG,
Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG,

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70
Q

Which DOCG in Piedmont is producing the most and has the biggest acreage ?

A

Asti DOCG

w 9,045 ha and 626,800 HL produced per year

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71
Q

Alta langa DOCG.

What style is allowed?

A

Alta Langa Spumante
Alta Langa Spumante Riserva
Alta Langa Spumante Rosato
Alta Langa Spumante Rosato Riserva

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72
Q

Alta langa DOCG Which method is allowed?

What’s the aging requirement?

A

Spumante 30m min (9 on lees)
Riserva 36m (9 on lees)
Traditional method, transvasage allowed

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73
Q

Does Alta Langa Docg allow any other style but SPK?

A

no

74
Q

Asti DOCG:

Which styles are allowed?

A

Asti/Asti Spumante
Asti/Asti Spumante “Metodo Classico”
Moscato d’Asti
Moscato d’Asti “Vendemmia Tardiva”

75
Q

What spk method is allowed in Asti DOCG?

A

Asti is fermented in autoclaves (Charmat/Martinotti Method),
Asti “Metodo Classico” must undergo secondary fermentation in the bottle

76
Q

What’s the aging requirement for Asti Spumante ?

A

The process of secondary fermentation for Asti may not last less than a month
Asti “Metodo Classico”: Min. 9 months on the lees

77
Q

What’s the aging requirement for Moscato d’Asti “Vendemmia Tardiva” ?

A

1 yr
However in The Santa Vittoria d’Alba sub zone, Aging Requirements (Vendemmia Tardiva): Min. 2 years from January 1 of the year following the harvest

78
Q

What’s the max allowed Bar level in Moscato d’Asti?

Does it undergo a secondary fermentation?

A

Moscato d’Asti: maximum 2.5 bars (not subject to a secondary fermentation)

79
Q

What are the sub zones of Asti DOCG?

A

Canelli, Strevi, Santa Vittoria d’Alba

80
Q

What style is allowed in the ‘Canelli’ sub zone?

A

Moscato d’Asti

81
Q

What style is allowed in the ‘Strevi’ sub zone?

A

Moscato d’Asti

82
Q

What style is allowed in the ‘Santa Vittoria d’Alba’ sub zone?

A

Moscato d’Asti and Moscato d’Asti “Vendemmia Tardiva”:

83
Q

Whats the min and max alcohol allowed for Asti/Asti Spumante and Asti/Asti Spumante “Metodo Classico”?

A

Asti: 11.5% minimum (6%-9.5% acquired)

Asti “Metodo Classico”: 12% min (6%-8% acquired)

84
Q

Whats the min and max alcohol allowed for Moscato d’Asti?

A

Moscato d’Asti: 11% (4.5%-6.5% acquired)

12% (4.5%-6.5% acquired) in the sub zones

85
Q

Whats the min and max alcohol allowed for Moscato d’Asti Vendemmia Tardiva?

A

Moscato d’Asti “Vendemmia Tardiva”: 14% (11% acquired)

Moscato d’Asti “Vendemmia Tardiva”: 15% (12% acquired) in Santa Vittoria d’Alba

86
Q

Brachetto d’Aqui DOCG. Which styles are allowed?

A

Rosso (maximum pressure 2 bars)
Rosso Spumante
Rosso Passito

87
Q

What’s the min RS in Rosso Passito?Brachetto d’Aqui DOCG

A

min 50 g/l

88
Q

What sparkling method is allowed for Rosso Spumante in Brachetto d’Aqui DOCG?

A

Rosso Spumante (Traditional or Charmat Method)

89
Q

What styles are allowed in Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG?

A

Bianco
Spumante (Traditional Method)
Passito
Passito Riserva

90
Q

What’s the aging requirement for Erbaluce di Caluso Spumante?

A

min 15 m on lees

91
Q

What’s the raging requirement for Erbaluce di Caluso Passito and Passito Riserva?

A

Passito: 36 months

Passito Riserva: 48 months

92
Q

What’s the min age for Gavi Riserva?

A

1yr (6m bottle)

93
Q

What’s the min age for Gavi Spumante Metodo Classico Riserva?

A

2 yrs (18m lees)

94
Q

What soil would you find in Gavi?

A

White earth Limestone-rich clays for white wines

Red Earth” more brown Iron rich soils for red wines

95
Q

Where is Roero ?

A

In the Langhe, opposite of Barolo and Barbaresco, on the west of the Tanaro

96
Q

Does Roero DOCG allows SPK?

A

Yes, Roero Arneis Spumante

97
Q

What are the sub zones of Barbera d’Asti docg?

A

Tinella, Colli Astiani

98
Q

What are the Blending Partners of Barbera d’Asti DOCG for the Barbera?

A

Freisa, Grignolino and Dolcetto. max 10 %

99
Q

Nizza, before being promoted to DOCG was a sub zone of?

A

Barbera d’Asti DOCG

100
Q

In which year Nizza got promoted to DOCG?

A

2014

101
Q

If Vigna is stated on a label, what does it mean?

A

Single Vineyard

102
Q

What’s the soil in Roero?

A

Sandy,

also clay and Limestone

103
Q

Ghemme DOCG, what’s the aging?

A
Rosso is 34m (18 w plus 6 b ) min 12 %
Riserva 46m (24 w plus 6b) min 12.5 %
104
Q

Gattinara DOCG, what’s the aging?

A

Rosso is 35(24w) 12.5%

Riserva is 47(36w) 13%

105
Q

List Piedmont DOCG:(17)

A

Alta Langa, Asti, Brachetto d’aqui
Barolo, Barbaresco, Ghemme, Gattinara, Roero
Barbera d’Asti, Barbera del Monferrato superiore, Nizza
Dolcetto di Diano D’Alba, Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore, Dogliani
Gavi, Erbaluce di Caluso
Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato

106
Q

Communes Of Barolo (11)

A

Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d’Alba

Monforte d’Alba, La Morra, Diano d’Alba, Novello, Verduno, Grinzane Cavour, Cherasco, Roddi

107
Q

Which of the Barolo Communes are entirely within the DOCG?

A

Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d’Alba

108
Q

Which 5 communes cover the 90% of the Barolo DOCG?

A

Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d’Alba, Monforte d’Alba, and La Morra.

109
Q

Soil of Barolo

A

Tortonian ( calcareous marl) and Helvetian (Sand stone soil)

110
Q

Which 2 soil formations grouped together are know as Helvetian soil?

A

Serravallian and Langhien

111
Q

Which soil is considered to give a softer style to the wine?

A

Tortonian.

The Helvetian soil gives more structure

112
Q

Which communes sit on the Tortonian soil?

A

La Morra and Barolo

113
Q

Which communes sit on the Helvetian soil?

A

Monforte d’Alba and Serralunga d’Alba

114
Q

Aging of Barolo

A

38m (18 w)

62m (18w)

115
Q

Styles allowed in Barolo

A

Barolo

Barolo Riserva

Barolo with “menzioni geografiche aggiuntive” (These are “geographical designations,” or crus, legally defined for collective use in 2010 under DOCG regulations.)

Barolo with “menzioni geografiche aggiuntive” and “Vigna” (“Vigna” refers to a single vineyard wine: 100% of grapes must come from a named vineyard used in conjunction with a geographic designation.)

Barolo Chinato (aromatized)

116
Q

What’s the Min Alcohol in Barolo?

A

13%

117
Q

Vineyards of Barolo:

within which elevation? Which ones are not allowed?

A

between 170- 540 m

Vineyards entirely with a Northern exposure won’t be allowed

118
Q

Name 4 important Crus of La Morra

A

Capalot, Annunziata, Rocche dell’Annunziata, Arborina, Gattera, Brunate, Cerequio

119
Q

Which Cru surround Arborina?

A

Annunziata

120
Q

Which la Morra Crus are shared with Barolo?

A

Cerequio and Brunate

121
Q

Name 4 important Crus of Barolo

A

Cerequio, Brunate

San Lorenzo, Bricco delle Viole, Cannubi, Bussia, Sarmassa, Le Coste

122
Q

Other Cannubi Crus that can label as Cannubi

A

Cannubi Muscatel, C. S.Lorenzo, C. Valetta, C. Boschis

123
Q

Where do the Helvetian and Tortonian soil meet?

A

In Cannubi

124
Q

Between which commun is the Cru Bussia shared?

A

Between Monforte d’Alba (maj) and Barolo

125
Q

Name 3 Crus of Monforte d’Alba?

A

Bussia, Ginestra, Mosconi

126
Q

Name 3 Crus of Castiglione Faletto

A

Parussi, Bricco Boschis, Monprivato, Bricco Rocche, Rocche di Castiglione, Pira

127
Q

Who owns the Bricco Rocche Monopole?

A

Ceretto

128
Q

Name 3 crus of Serralunga d’Alba

A

Fontanafredda, Cerretta, Vignarionda, Falletto, Francia

129
Q

Who owns the monopole of the Francia cru?

A

Conterno

130
Q

Who owns the monopole of the Falletto cru?

A

Giacosa

131
Q

Who were the first producer to release a Cannubi ?

A

Sandrone and Scavino both released a 1985 Cannubi

132
Q

What happened in 2010 in Barolo Cannubi?

A

In 2010 the Consorzio authorised the other 4 vineyards of Cannubi (Muscatel, S Lorenzo, Valetta and Boschis) to release their wine as Cannubi, effectively expanding the area from 15HA to 34HA.
Canceled in 2012, but reinstated in 2013

133
Q

Name 2 Vigna in the Bussia Cru

A

“Sottana,” “Rocche,” “Soprana,” “Dardi,” “Pianpolvere,” “Visette,” “Arnulfo,” and “Munie”

134
Q

Which Notable Vignas are within Soprana?

A

Romirasco, Cicala, Colonello

135
Q

Which Notable Vignas are within Ginestra?

A

Casa Mate, Ciabot, La Coste, Mentin, Pernot, Pian della Poldere, Sori Ginestra, and Vigne del Gris

136
Q

What’s unique about the soil of Fontanafredda?

A

There’s the only tortonian patch of the eastern valleys

137
Q

Villages of Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco, Neive, Treiso, San Rocco Senodelvio ( part of Alba)

138
Q

Barbaresco Aging:

A

26 (9)

50m (9)

139
Q

What’s the Minimum alcohol level for Barbaresco DOCG?

A

12.5%

140
Q

What’s the soil of Barbaresco?

A

Tortonian

141
Q

In which year “menzioni geografiche aggiuntive” (These are “geographical designations” - Barbaresco’s subzones, or crus got approved?

A

2007

142
Q

Name 4 Barbaresco Crus

A

Ovello (largest in Barbaresco), Montestefano, Asili, Rabaja, Roncagliette, Martinenga, Rio Sordo, Pora, Rabajà-Bas(smallest cru), Secondine

143
Q

Who own the Martinenga cru?

A

Marchesi di Gresy (monopole)

144
Q

Which sites are considered to be the best within the Martinenga Cru?

A

Gaiun and Camp Gros

145
Q

Which Cru is the home of Gaja’s San Lorenzo vineyard.?

A

Secondine, Barbaresco

146
Q

Which cru contains the highly regarded vineyards Sori Tildin and Costa Russi, both of which owned by Gaja.?

A

Roncagliette, Barbaresco

147
Q

Name 3 Crus of Neive

A

Albesani, Gallina, Serraboella, Bricco di Neive

148
Q

Where would you find the well-known and highly regarded subzone Santo Stefano? In Barbaresco DOCG

A

Within Albesani cru in Neive

149
Q

Name 2 crus of Treiso

A

Valeirano, Bricco di Treiso, Pajoré

150
Q

Name 2 crus of Alba (San Rocco Senodelvio)

A

Montersino, Meruzzano, Rizzi, Rocche Massalupo.

151
Q

What’s the only Cru entirely within San Rocco S?

A

Rocche Massalupo

152
Q

In which year the DOC Barbaresco was introduced?

How did this affected Angelo Gaja?

A

DOC Introduced in 1966.

His wines had a percentage of Barbera, which he stopped using

153
Q

In which year A. Gaja reintroduced Barbera?

A

Barbera was reintroduced in 1996, from that year, he released his wines as Langhe DOC

154
Q

In which year Gaja’s top Barbaresco came back to DOCG?

A

From 2013 vintage

155
Q

Which iconic producer pioneered Cru sites in Barbaresco?

A

A. Gaja

156
Q

Name Gaja 3 top Barbaresco Cuvees and 1st Vintages

A

Sorí San Lorenzo 1967 (Secondine)
Sorí Tildin 1970 (Roncagliette)
Costa Russi 1978 (Roncagliette)

157
Q

Gaja’s Barolo Cuvees?

A

Sperss (Nostalgia) (6 till 2012 Langhe DOC. From 2013 Barolo DOCG)
Conteisa (From Cru of Cerequio)
Dagromis (Barolo DOCG)

158
Q

What’s the Darmagi cuvee based on ?

A

95% Cabernet Sauvignon, 3% Merlot, and 2% Cabernet Franc

159
Q

What’s the Gaia & Rey cuvee based on ?

A

Chardonnay, 100%

160
Q

What’s the Alteni di Brassica cuvee based on ?

A

SB, 100%

161
Q

Giacomo Conterno: Which year was established?

A

1908 by Giovanni Conterno (Giacomo’s Father)

162
Q

When did the G. Conterno Estate purchased vineyards?

A

Only in the 1970s. Francia got purchased in the 1974

163
Q

In which year was Monfortino firstly produced?

A

1920

164
Q

From which year Monfortino grapes are solely from Francia cru?

A

Since 1978

165
Q

Top Barolos from G.Conterno?

A

Cascina Francia and Monfortino

166
Q

Is Monfortino produced every year?

A

No, Only in the very best

167
Q

What’s the difference between Cascina Francia and Monfortino?

A

Monfortino spend 6 or 7 years in cask, while Cascina Francia spend usually 4

168
Q

What’s the first vintage of Mascarello Monprivato?

A

1970

169
Q

In which year Monprivato became a Monopole?

A

1991

170
Q

What are the 3 main reds Piedmonteses grapes?

A

Nebbiolo, Dolcetto and Barbera

171
Q

Which is Piedmont’s most planted red grape?

A

Barbera

172
Q

Name 3 lesser known indigenous red grapes of Piedmont

A

Brachetto, Grignolino, Ruchè, Croatina, Vespolina, and Freisa.

173
Q

What is Piedmont’s most planted white grape ?

A

Moscato Bianco (Muscat à Petits Grains

174
Q

In which year the first Barbera DOCG got approved?

A

2008

175
Q

Notable DOC in Piedmont based on Barbera?

A

Barbera d’Alba (85-100% Barbera)

Barbera del Monferrato min 85% Barbera

176
Q

Notable DOC in Piedmont based on Dolcetto?

A

Dolcetto d’Alba, Dolcetto d’Aqui, Dolcetto d’Asti, Dolcetto di Ovada

177
Q

What is the Doc Verduno Pelaverga based on ?

A

on Pelaverga, 85%min (Red)

178
Q

Calosso DOC. Where is it?

What is it based on?

A

In Piedmont, (Red only) also Passara style allowed

minimum 90% Gamba Rossa (Imperatrice dalla Gamba Rossa)

179
Q

What is the ‘Passara’ style?

A

Appassimento

180
Q

Casorzo / Malvasia di Casorzo d’Asti DOC.
Where is it?
What is it based on?

A

In Piedmont, minimum 90% Malvasia di Casorzo (Red)

Allowed in Red, Spk and Passito

181
Q

Cisterna d’Asti DOC.
Where is it?
What is it based on?

A

In Piedmont, red only

80% - 100% Croatina