Canada and UK Flashcards
When commercially Vinifera Vines got planted in Canada?
In 1970s
What was the most planted grape in Canada in the 70s?
De Chaunac a French-american hybrid
How many wineries were operating in Canada in 1974?
What was the reason for that?
6 wineries
Until 1974 there was a moratorium on wine license
In which year was Inniskilin founded? Where?
1974 in Niagara on the Lake
In which year VQA was approved in Ontario?
When was approved in British Columbia?
1988 in Ontario
1990 in British Columbia
What VQA stands for?
Vintners Quality Alliance
What’s the only hybrid allowed in Canada for the production of ice-wine?
Vidal
It’s Vqa legally enforced in Ontario or British Columbia?
It is legally enforced in Ontario,
but it’s voluntary in British Columbia
What is the min percentage of grape originated from the stated province?
100%`
What is the min percentage of grape originated from the appellation?
95% British Columbia app
85% Ontario app (100%) for Ontario sub-appellation
What’s the percentage for vintage and for varietal?
in BC it must stated vintage (exc spk, fortified, liquor)
85% from that year
85% from stated varietal
It’s Chaptalisation allowed?
It is not allowed for Late harvest and ice wine
Which Canadian provinces make wine? W to E
British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia
What’s the capital of British Columbia?
Vancouver
What Border in the south with British Columbia?
US, Washington State
Where is the Hudson Bay?
In the North east of Canada
In the west of Quebec, north of Ontario
Name the three Viticultural Areas of Ontario
Prince Edward County
Niagara Peninsula
Lake Erie North Shore
Which percentage of the wine production of Canada comes from Ontario and British Columbia?
98%
What is the Canada Production if compared to the US one?
2%
Where is the Nova Scotia province?
It’s an Island facing Quebec on the east of Canada, in the Atlantic Ocean
Min ageing for sparkling wine in Canada?
Charmat or Traditional method
lees : 9 m or 12m (if vintage dated)
Sweetness levels and grams per level for spk wine in Canada
Brut max 15 g/l Extra-dry 15- 25 g/l Dry 25- 35 g/l Semi-Dry 35-50 g/l Sweet 50g/L
Name 3 of the 5 main lakes in the south Of Ontario
Lake Superiore Lake Michigan Lake Huron Lake Erie Lake Ontario
What’s the largest wine province in Canada?
Ontario
Where are the three viticultural ares in Ontario?
What’s the latitude?
The three are all in the south, near the lakes
The regions are all within 41 and 44 latitude
Which varieties are planted the most in Ontario?
Riesling, Chardonnay, CF, PN
Icewine:
When the intent to make must be declared?
At which temperature harvest has to occur?
Intent must be declared to the VQA in November
harvest is at night at -8 degree min
Is any non vinifera allowed for the production of ice wine?
Vidal
Is cryoextraction allowed in the production of ice wine in Canada?
no, as other artificial concentration method
What’s the min residual sugar for ice wine?
Min RS is 100 g
What was the min RS before 2014?
it was 125 g/l
Can you name the 3 Ontario GIs north to south?
Prince Edward County
Niagara Peninsula,
Lake Erie North Shore
What’s the climate in the Ontario GIs?
It’s a cool continental climate, mitigate by the lakes
Which grapes are the most planted in the Prince Edward County?
PN, CH, Gamay
Which natural features mitigate the climate in the Prince Edward County?
bay of Quinte and Lake Ontario
What’s the soil in Prince Edward County?
Clay to sand over Trenton Limestone
Where is the Lake Erie North Shore?
it’s a GI located in the south of Ontario, just north of the Lake Erie , with the city of Toronto in the north.
Which grapes are planted in the Lake Erie North Shore?
Predominantly red grapes.
Merlot, CF, CS
Does Lake Erie North Shore has any sub app?
South Islands
It does contains 9 Islands including Pelee Island
What is Pelee Island?
It used to be a Gi of Ontario but it was unregulated in 2013. It is now a sub appellation included in the South Island sub app of Lake Erie North Shore
Where is the Niagara Peninsula?
It’s just North east of Toronto, with the Lake Ontario on the east
Which are the Regional appellations of Niagara Peninsula?
Which one is on the east?
Niagara Escarpment is the westernmost,
Niagara on the Lake
Name the sub app of Niagara on the lake
N to south and the easternmost at the end
Niagara on the lake is on the east of the Niagara Peninsula with 4 sub app within: N lakeshore, Four mile creek, St David's Bench and Niagara River on the east
Name the sub appellations of Niagara Escarpment West to east
Where are they located ?
Niagara Escarpement is on the west of the Niagara Peninsula.
The 3 sub appellations are located just in the middle part, with the other regional sub appellation in the north and in the south
W to E are Beamsville Bench, Twenty mile Bench, Short Hills Bench
Name the regional sub appellations of Niagara Peninsula.
Where are located?
3:
Lincoln lakeshore and Creek Shores are both south of Lake Ontario, and north of the Niagara Escarpement.
Vinemont Ridge is located in the South of the Niagara Escarpment
What are the main grapes planted in the Niagara Peninsula?
Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Gamay, CF
What is the region internationally acclaimed for?
Icewine
When was Inniskilin founded?
In 1974
When did Inniskilin made its first Icewine? Which grape was used?
In 1984.
Vidal was the main grape
In which year the Inniskilin ice wine received a critical acclaim?
1991
Inniskilin ice wine won a trophy at the vinexpo
Under which appellations are the sub appellations of Vinemont Ridge, Creek Shores, and Lincoln Lakeshore included?
They are sub appellations not in a regional appellations of Niagara Peninsula
Where is British Columbia?
BC is located in the western part of Canada
What’s the capital of British Columbia?
Vancouver
How many VQA in British Columbia?
9 + British Columbia GI
When did winemaking start in British Columbia?
in 1859, French Catholic Missionary established the first winery
What is the BCWA? In which year was created?
BCWA is the British Columbia wine Authority
It was created in 1990
What are the government requirement in British Columbia to allow a winery to sell to consumers?
The government requires a winery to own at least 4 acres of land and a dedicated winemaking facility before it can sell to consumers
What’s happening in the recent years in British Columbia across young winemakers?
Young producers are more experimental and their wines often don’t pass the tasting panels.
Wines are often originated from regions without GI
Name 4 of the 9 designated viticultural areas in British Columbia
Vancouver Island, Gulf Island on the Vancouver Island
West to East bordering US: Fraser Valley, Similkameen Valley, Okonagan Valley, Kootenays Valley
West to East Inland: Lilloet, Thompson Valley, Shuswap
At which latitude Okanagan Valley sits?
One of the Northernmost wine region at 49 parallel
What percentage of British Columbia wine originates from Okanagan Valley?
84%
If you could describe Okanagan Valley, how would you?
It’s a narrow valley between Cascade Mountains and Monashee Mountains.
Wine regions are bordering the thin lakes
What’s the climate in the Okanagan Valley?
It’s a continental climate mitigated by the lakes. The main lake is lake okanagan
What’s the main climate hazard for viticulture?
The extremely cold winters
What’s mostly planted in Okanagan Valley?
1/2 white and 1/2 red
PG, CH, PB
PN, Merlot
What’s the length of Okanagan Valley?
Its 120 miles long
What’s the soil of Okanagan Valley?
It’s a sandy loam
Name the subzones of Okanagan Valley
Golden Mile
Okanagan Falls
Naramata Bench
Shaka Bench
Which region lays right next two Okanagan Valley ?
Similkameen Valley Gi
What’s mostly planted in Similkameen V?
Mostly Bordeaux varietals and CH
What’s mostly produced in Nova Scotia?
White Wine only
How many regions in Quebec ?
Name 2
5 Eastern Townships Montérégie Ouest-du-Québec Centre-du-Québec Est-du-Québec
In which year Pelee Island was deregulated as Ontario subregion?
In 2013
What is the Escarpment in the Niagara Escarpment?
It’s a 650 miles long limestone ridge
It creates air-circulation which extends growing seasons
What are the authorised grapes for English SPK wine?
PN, CH, Pinot Meunier, PB, PG, Pinot Precoce
What is the Vin de curé?
Official wine category in Canada for a sweet wine that suits you Strohwein equivalent. It must be produced from naturally dried grapes (for example by spreading on straw mats). The minimum must weight must be 32 ° Brix.
Who brought the winemaking in the UK?
Romans
When the interest in winemaking came back in the modern times?
After WWII
What was “British Wine” ?
It was a sweet fortified Port or Sherry style made from imported grapes
Who is Ray Brock? What he is recognised for?
He was responsible for setting up the Oxted Research Institute at his own expense.
The Nursery had 600 vine varieties
What is Hambledon Winery recognised for?
It’s UK first winery. East in 1952 in Hampshire
What are the Official wine regions ? (CMS)
Clockwise from North
Mercia, East Anglia, South East, Thames & Chiltern, Wessex, Southwest and Wales
Is Chaptalisation allowed in Uk wines?
Yes, up to 3% (3.5% in abnormal years)
At which latitude are the UK wine regions located?
50 and above
However Vineyards even in Yorkshire
What’s the majority of the production in the Uk wine industry?
65% of the wine production is focused on SPK
What are the issues and the main diseases?
A common issue is the ripeness
A common disease is Rot
What are the main planted grapes?
CH and PN
Bacchus for still wine with Ortega and Seyval Blanc
Which climatic feature influences the UK climate?
The Gulf Stream
What’s the climate in the Uk Southern Wine Regions?
What’s the main issue from that? Which recent vintage has been particularly affected?
It’s a Maritime climate.
It is characterised by high volume of summer rainfall.
It can disrupt flowering.
2012 vintage dropped by 2/3
Where are the majority of the vineyards and winery located in the UK?
80% in the South-east
12% in the East Anglia
At which altitude are the majority of the vineyards located?
Less than 100 m
Where is east Anglia? What are the 2 subregions with it?
It’s in the East.
Norfolk and Suffolk are the two regions
Where is Wales?
It’s in the West
What are the 4 appellations category for UK wine?
PDO -> Quality Wines
PGI -> Regional Wines
wines without geographical indication -> varietal wines
UK wines -> without grape or vintage
What’s the max altitude allowed for vineyards of PDO and PGI quality? are hybrids allowed?
PDO vineyards below 220 m. Vinifera only
PGI vineyards for vineyards below 250 m
Which grape was planted in the first winery in the UK?
In the Hambledon Vineyard in the Hampshire, Seyval Blanc was the grape that was planted in the 50s.
The vineyard has been replanted
Can you name the wine regions in the South Of UK? East to West
Kent is the easternmost,
Sussex in the south of Kent ( east and West)
Surrey, west of Kent, North of Sussex.
Hampshire, Dorset, Wiltshire, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall
What’s the most planted varietal in the east Anglia?
Bacchus
What’s the Bacchus parentage?
crossing of Silvaner x Riesling with Müller-Thurgau
What’s the soil in Sussex?
South Downs
Range of Chalk hill
What’s most planted in Sussex?
Bacchus (for still wine)
CH, PN, PM for SPK
Name an important producer of Sussex?
Nyetimber
Where are the White Cliffs of Dover?
In Kent
What’s the soil in Kent?
Some South Downs (chalk)
Chalk and limestone
What’s mostly planted in Kent?
Ch, Pn,
Bacchus and Ortega
Which Champagne producer purchased vineyards in Kent in 2015?
Taittanger
Name an iconic producer in Kent
Chapel Down
What’s the soil profile of Surrey?
It’s a chalky soil from ancient marine fossils
Which iconic UK producer has a partnership in Surrey with Pommery?
`Hattingley Valley
Who is one of the largest UK wine producer who owns the largest vineyard in the UK in Surrey?
Denbies Wine Estate
Where is Camel Valley?
What is it?
It’s the largest vineyard in Cornwall
What is Darnibole PDO?
What’s for?
It’s Uk first PDO. Approved in 2017
It’s a single vineyard monopole of Camel Valley Vineyard for Bacchus
What’s the soil of Darnibole PDO?
Devonian Slate marked by sandy-alluvial soils deposited by an old path of the Camel River.
Where is the Adgestone Vineyard?
In the Isle of Wight
