Italy: Birthplace of the REnaissance

Question 1

renaissance

Answer 1

the period, rebirth: revival of art and learning

Question 2

-educated people of italy

Answer 2

bring back to life culture of classical greece and rome

Question 3

people of renaissance contributions:

Answer 3

led to innovative styles of art and literature, led to new value

Question 4

italy (three advantages):

Answer 4

hriving cities, wealthy merchants class, classical heritage of greece and rome

Question 5

cities in italy

Answer 5

because the overseas trade (crusades), ideal breeding for intellectual revolution (that is where people exchange ideas)

Question 6

bubonic plague and art

Answer 6

brought economic changes, survivors could demand higher wages, few opportunities to expand business, merchants pursued other interests (art)

Question 7

wealthy merchant class

Answer 7

dominate politics, did not inherit rank, to succeed: use wits

Question 8

-using wits:

Answer 8

believed deserved power and wealth because of individual merit (IMPORTANT)

Question 9

medici:

Answer 9

took france under rule, banking family, had branch offices throughout italy and major cities of europe

Question 10

cosimo de medici:

Answer 10

wealthiest european of time won control of florence’s government, did not seek political office for himself, influenced members of ruling council by giving loans, 30 years dictator of florence

Question 11

lorenzo de medici:

Answer 11

grandson of cosimo, ruled dictator yet kept up appearance of having an elected government

Question 12

renaissance scholars:

Answer 12

look down on art and literature of middle ages, return to learning greeks and romans

Question 13

achieve return to greek and roman

Answer 13

artist and scholars italy drew inspiration from ruins of rome that surrounded them, western scholars studied ancient latin manuscripts that had been preserved in monasteries, christian scholars in constantinople fled to rome with greek manuscripts when turks conquered constantinople

Question 14

humanist:

Answer 14

intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements, studied christian teachings to understand ancient greek values, influenced artists and architects to carry on classical traditions, popularized study of subjects common to classical education

Question 15

humanities:

Answer 15

history, literature and philosophy

Question 16

humanists (living):

Answer 16

person might enjoy life without offending god

Question 17

-secular

Answer 17

worldly rather than spiritual

Question 18

spirit of renaissance:

Answer 18

secular, concerned with here and now

Question 19

patrons: c

Answer 19

church leaders (spend huge amounts of money for arts and financially supporting artists, renaissance merchants and wealthy families (portrait donate art to city),

Question 20

-renaissance writers:

Answer 20

introduce idea that all educated people were expected to create art, individual strove to master almost every area of study

Question 21

-universal man / renaissance men:

Answer 21

man who excelled in many fields, charming witty, dance, sing, play music, write poetry, skilled rider, wrestler, swordsman

Question 22

-baldassare castiglione

Answer 22

courtier, taught how to become universal man

Question 23

-upper class women:

Answer 23

know classics and be charming, inspire art, but rarely create it, better educated than medieval women, little influence in politics

Question 24

-isabella d’este:

Answer 24

exercised power,married mantua, brought renaissance artists to her court and built famous art collection, skilled in politics, won her husband’s release and defended him

Question 25

-mantua:

Answer 25

ruler of another city state

Question 26

-medieval artists

Answer 26

used religious subjects to convey a spiritual ideal

Question 27

-renaissance artists:

Answer 27

portrayed religious subjects, but used a realistic style copied from classical models, used perspective

Question 28

-perspective:

Answer 28

: show three dimensions on a flat surface

Question 29

-paint prominent citizens:

Answer 29

revealed what was distinctive about each person

Question 30

michelangelo buonarroti:

Answer 30

used realistic style when depicting the human body

Question 31

-donatello

Answer 31

sculpture more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions,

Question 32

-donatello (david):

Answer 32

revived classical form in his statue of david, first european sculpture of a large, free standing nude since ancient times

Question 33

-leonardo da vinci:

Answer 33

painter, sculptor, inventor and scientists, interested in how things worked, incorporated findings in his art

Question 34

-mona lisa:

Answer 34

best known portraits in the world

Question 35

-last supper

Answer 35

shows personalities of jesus’s disciples through facial expressions

Question 36

-raphael:

Answer 36

learned from studying michelangelo and leonardo’s work, famous for use of perspective, filled walls of pope julius II’s library with paintings

Question 37

-school of athens

Answer 37

conveys classical influence on renaissance

Question 38

-sofonisba anguissola:

Answer 38

first woman artist to gain an international reputation, portraits of sister and king Philip II of spain

Question 39

rtemisia gentileschi,

Answer 39

trained with painter father, helped with his work, painted pictures of strong, heroic women

Question 40

-renaissance writers:

Answer 40

produced works that reflected their time, but they also used techniques that writers rely on today, wrote either for self expression or to portray individuality of their subjects

Question 41

-dante

Answer 41

-wrote in vernacular (italian)

Question 42

-petrarch:

Answer 42

nfluential humanist, great poet, wrote both in italian (sonnet, laura) and latin (letters),

Question 43

-sonnets:

Answer 43

14 poem lines

Question 44

-laura`

Answer 44

mysterious women, petrarch, was his ideal

Question 45

-boccaccio:

Answer 45

decameron, presents characters in all of their individuality and all their folly

Question 46

decameron

Answer 46

series of realistic, sometimes off color stories, told by group of worldly young pople waiting in a rural villa to avoid plague sweeping through florence, tragic and comic views of life, cutting humor to illustrate human condition

Question 47

-prince:

Answer 47

xamines imperfect conduct of human beings, take form of a political guide book

Question 48

-machiavelli

Answer 48

examines how ruler can gain power and keep it in spite of his enemies, began with idea that most people are selfish, fickle, and corrupt, not concerned with what was morally right, but with what was politically effective,

Question 49

-prince:

Answer 49

must sometimes mislead people and lie to opponents, suggested in order for a prince to accomplish great things, must crafty enough to not only overcome suspicions but also gain trust of others

Question 50

-vittoria:

Answer 50

born of noble family, exchanged sonnets with michelangelo and helped castiglione publish courtier

Question 51

women writers of renaissance:

Answer 51

end of 15th century: