Church Reform and the Crusades

Question 1

Alexius Commenus

Answer 1

• byzantine emperor
  
  • appeal to robert, count of flanders
  • muslims turks threatening to conquer Constantinople

Question 2

according to pope those who died….

Answer 2

assured place in heaven

Question 2

crusaders

Answer 2

• french, bohemians, germans, englishmen, scots, italians, spaniards
• red crosses, “god will it”

Question 4

-first crusades

Answer 4

• army of 1200 approached jerusalem (after month)

- captured city= July 15 1099

Question 5

first crusaders

Answer 5

• ill prepared
  - knew nothing of geography, climate, or culture of holy land
  - no straetgy
  - no leader

Question 6

first crusade result

Answer 6

narrow strip of land

Question 7

-Second crusades:

Answer 7

• why: recapture city of Jerusalem

- struggled home in defeat (jersualem had fallen to saladin)

Question 8

-Third Cruscades:

Answer 8

• capture holy land (jerusalem)

- leaders: Philip II (Augustus) of France, Frederick I (Barbarossa) of Germany, Richard the lionheart of England

Question 9

Philip II (Augustus) of France

Answer 9

-argued with Richard and went home

Question 10

Frederick I (Barbarossa) of Germany

Answer 10

-drowned

Question 11

Richard the lionheart of England

Answer 11

-only one left to lead crusaders

Question 12

result of third crusades:

Answer 12

• truce in 1192
  - jerusalem remained under muslim control
  - saladin promised that unarmed christian pilgrims could freely visit city’s holy places

Question 13

Fourth Crusades:

Answer 13

• failed
  
  • 1204
  • loot city of constantinople

Question 14

effects of crusades

Answer 14

• example of power of church during medieval period

- grew out of religious fervor, feudalism, and chivalry

Question 15

effects of crusades (merchants)

Answer 15

expand trade, trade with west benefited both christians and muslims

Question 16

effects of crusades (failure of crusades

Answer 16

lessened power of pope, weakened feudal nobility and increased power of kings, lost lives

Question 17

effects of crusades (fall of constantinople)

Answer 17

weakened byzantine empire

Question 18

effects of crusades (muslim)

Answer 18

• (intolerance and prejudice) left behind legacy of bitterness and hatred
  - relationships with muslim leadership worsned

Question 19

effects of crusades (jews)

Answer 19

increased persecution

Question 20

goal of crusades

Answer 20

• pope wanted to reclaim palestine and reunited christendom
• economic social, political goals as well as religious motives
• kings and church both saw the cru`sades as an opportunity to get rid of quarrelsome knights who fought each other
• younger sons did not inherit property and look for land and position in society or for adventure
• merchants profited by making cash loans to finance journey (leased ships_
• merchants of pisa, genoa, and venice = win control of key trade routes to india, southeast asia, and china from muslim traders

Question 21

effects of crusades (people who go

Answer 21

encouraged thousands to leave homes and travel to faraway lands

Question 22

effects of crusades (people who stay)

Answer 22

especially women

chance to manage affairs on estates or to operate shops and inns