Changes In Medicval Society

Question 1

change to horses

Answer 1

Use harness fitting across chest = able to pull a plow ­replace oxen for plowing and pulling wagons

Need better food but with more horses, can plow more land, need harness

Question 2

Three field system

Answer 2

two of fields were planted and other lay resting for year

grow crops on 2/3rds of land, not just half

Question 3

Result of three field system

Answer 3

Food population increased
more to eat
could better resist disease and live longer ­population increase

Question 4

Guild

Answer 4

organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members
merchants (guild):
control number of good traded and keep prices up
provide security in trading and reduced losses ­artisans (guild):
set standard for quality of work, wages, and working conditions ­create plans for supervised training of new workers

Question 5

Result of guilds

Answer 5

manufacturing goods by hand (more and better products)
powerful forces in medieval economy
wealth they accumulated helped them establish influence over government and
economy of towns and cities

Question 6

What changed life in Europe

Answer 6

increased availability of trade goods and new ways of doing business

Question 7

commercial revolution:

Answer 7

expansion of trade and business

Question 8

most trade took place in towns:

Answer 8

Peasants came
People set up stalls
fairs

Question 9

local markets:

Answer 9

met all needs of daily life for small community

no longer was everything produced on a self­sufficient manor ­foreign lands and good:more available

Question 10

where trade routes:

Answer 10

flanders to italy
mediterranean to byzantium
muslim ports along north african coast ­asia (crusades)

Question 11

result of increase business at markets and fairs:

Answer 11

made merchants willing to take chances on buying merchandise that they could sell at a profit

Question 12

how enterprising merchants came to:

Answer 12

traders need large amount of cash/credt to exchange types of currencies
create exchange rate

Question 13

usury:

Answer 13

in of lending money at interest (church forbade christians to do) ­

Question 14

start of banking:

Answer 14

church relaxed rule on usury ­important business (especially in italy)

Question 15

changes because of commercial revolution:

Answer 15

two of most important changes involved what people did to earn a living and where they
lived
as towns attracted workers = towns grew into cities
they
lived
as towns attracted workers = towns grew into cities

Question 16

European towns

Answer 16

­unsophisticated and tiny
Power force for change in Europe
no swers, never bathed, lacked fresh air, light, clean water

Question 17

trade grew:

Answer 17

swelled with people
drew many people
feudalism affected:serfs ran away (made better lives for themselves in

Question 18

towns ­burghers:

Answer 18

merchant class town dwellers

Question 19

Forming if burglars

Answer 19

merchant (in towns) did not fit feudal system
at first towns came under authroity of feudal lords
as trade expanded: burghers = organized and demanded privileges (freedom from certain tolls and right to govern town)
fought with landlords and won

Question 20

vernacular: e

Answer 20

Everyday language

Question 21

merchants and profit:

Answer 21

look for new markets and opportunity to make $$ ­ 1. purchase goods from distant places
2. have to borrow money

Question 22

bills of exchange

Answer 22

established exchange rates between different coinage systems

Question 23

letters of credit

Answer 23

eliminated the need to carry large amounts of cash and made trading easier

Question 24

set values of forms of money

Answer 24

help trade

Question 25

credit

Answer 25

will pay later for exchange of product