Changes In Medicval Society Flashcards
change to horses
Use harness fitting across chest = able to pull a plow replace oxen for plowing and pulling wagons
Need better food but with more horses, can plow more land, need harness
Three field system
two of fields were planted and other lay resting for year
grow crops on 2/3rds of land, not just half
Result of three field system
Food population increased
more to eat
could better resist disease and live longer population increase
Guild
organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members
merchants (guild):
control number of good traded and keep prices up
provide security in trading and reduced losses artisans (guild):
set standard for quality of work, wages, and working conditions create plans for supervised training of new workers
Result of guilds
manufacturing goods by hand (more and better products)
powerful forces in medieval economy
wealth they accumulated helped them establish influence over government and
economy of towns and cities
What changed life in Europe
increased availability of trade goods and new ways of doing business
commercial revolution:
expansion of trade and business
most trade took place in towns:
Peasants came
People set up stalls
fairs
local markets:
met all needs of daily life for small community
no longer was everything produced on a selfsufficient manor foreign lands and good:more available
where trade routes:
flanders to italy
mediterranean to byzantium
muslim ports along north african coast asia (crusades)
result of increase business at markets and fairs:
made merchants willing to take chances on buying merchandise that they could sell at a profit
how enterprising merchants came to:
traders need large amount of cash/credt to exchange types of currencies
create exchange rate
usury:
in of lending money at interest (church forbade christians to do)
start of banking:
church relaxed rule on usury important business (especially in italy)
changes because of commercial revolution:
two of most important changes involved what people did to earn a living and where they
lived
as towns attracted workers = towns grew into cities
they
lived
as towns attracted workers = towns grew into cities
European towns
unsophisticated and tiny
Power force for change in Europe
no swers, never bathed, lacked fresh air, light, clean water
trade grew:
swelled with people
drew many people
feudalism affected:serfs ran away (made better lives for themselves in
towns burghers:
merchant class town dwellers
Forming if burglars
merchant (in towns) did not fit feudal system
at first towns came under authroity of feudal lords
as trade expanded: burghers = organized and demanded privileges (freedom from certain tolls and right to govern town)
fought with landlords and won
vernacular: e
Everyday language
merchants and profit:
look for new markets and opportunity to make $$ 1. purchase goods from distant places
2. have to borrow money
bills of exchange
established exchange rates between different coinage systems
letters of credit
eliminated the need to carry large amounts of cash and made trading easier
set values of forms of money
help trade
credit
will pay later for exchange of product
