England and France Develop II Flashcards
-arguing with magna carta:
certain clauses applied to every citizen
-guaranteed rights
no taxation without representation, jury trial, protection of law
-leading to model parliament:
- edward I need to raise taxes for war against french, welsh and scots
- summoned two burgesses from every borough and two knights from every country to serve as parlimanet,-met together at westminster
model parliament
-new makeup (commoner and lords) served as a model for later kings
(commonres or non-nobles as well as lords)
parliament:
- legislative group
-two knights
-part a royal that weakened great lords
-
-house of commons:
knights and burgesses
-house of lords
nobles and bishops
power move
power of king gradually spread outward from paris
-Philip II
- want to weaken power of english kings in france (watch papa lose to henry II of england)
- little success against henry II or son richard
-success with john:
- gained name august (latin for majestic)
- greatly increased territory
- seized normandy and gained other terriotiry in two years
-philip want more
want stronger central government
-bailiffs
- royal officials
- sent from paris to every district in kingdom to preside over king’s courts and to collect taxes
-louis IX:
- grandson of philip
- pious and saintly
- made saint by catholic church
- created french appeals court
-french appeals court:
- could overturn decision of local courts
- strengthened monarchy while weakening feudal ties
Philip IV and pope:
- pope refused to allow priests to pay taxes to king
- philip: disputed right of pope to control church affairs in his kingdom
- philip: to win wider support, decided to include commoners in meetings
first estate
church leaders
-second estate
great lords
-third estate
commoners, wealthy landholders or merchants that philip invited to participate in council
-estates-general
whole meeting of estates
helped increase royal power against nobility
-never became an independent force that limited king’s power
-beginnings of democracy:
- england and france beginning to establish democratic tradition
- setting up centralized government that would be able to govern widespread lands
- including commoners in decision making process
-creation of common law and court systems:
first step toward increased central government power
later parlimanet
became strong and provided check on royal power
