Issues of leadership and the Tsar's abdication (2) Flashcards
Major Bolshevik leaders who had long campaigned for were absent, who and where were they?
The Social Democrats- Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov were in Zurich. Leon Trotsky was in New York. Viktor Chernov of the Social Revolutionary Party was in Paris.
What did James White, professor of Russian History at Glasgow University find?
Found that a liberal group, including Pavel Milyukov, Aleksandr Guchkov, Aleksandr Konovalov and Mikhail Tereshchenko, was alredy planning a coup to topple the Tsar and were alarmed by the turn of events in Feb which they feared might get out of hand.
What did The Petrograd Soviet agree on?
Due to pressure from the soldiers and from mutineers at the Kronstadt naval base, they agreed that each regiment should elect committees and send representatives to the Soviet. The “Order No. 1”
What was the Order No.1?
A charter of soldier’s rights - was produced on 1st March.
What did Order No.1 promise? (6)
1) All units to elect a deputy of the Soviet and agree to the political control of the Petrograd Soviet.
2) The Military Commission of the Duma to be obeyed, only if it agreed with the Soviet’s orders.
3) All weapons to be controlled by elected soldiers committees - not officers.
4) All soldiers to enjoy full citizens rights when off duty - for example, no requirements to salute or stand to attention.
5) No honorific titles to be used for officers - inly Mr General, Mr Colonel, etc.
6) Officers were not to address soldiers in the “ty”form. (Like “tu” in French, this second person singular form was used to address children and peasants.)
What did the Petrograd soviet take the official title and how many member did it have by the 10th March?
They took the title of “Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies” and it had 3000 members.
Due to the size of the Petrograd Soviet who did most of the work?
Most of the work was done by the executive committee which was dominated by socialist intellectuals including Aleksandr Kerensky.
Who was Mikhail?
Nicholas’ younger brother
What did Mikhail refuse?
The offer of the throne
When did the Tsar abdicate?
15th March 1917
What happened to the Tsar and his family?
Placed under under house arrest , as were most of the members of the Tsar’s Council of Ministers.
How many years had the Romanov dynasty lasted?
304 years
What happened to an “All- Russian Congress of Soviets”?
They met in Petrograd in June 1917 with representatives from 350 towns, villages and military bases throughout Russia.
