issues in urban areas Flashcards
1
Q
economic inequality=
A
the difference between levels of living standards and income
they are higher in developed countries- this causes issues like political and social unrest, a rise in crime and health problems
2
Q
social segregation=
A
when groups of people live apart from the larger proportion due to factors like wealth, ethnicity, religion and age
3
Q
reasons for social segregation
A
- HOUSING= wealthier people can choose where they live whereas affordable housing is a requirement for places
- CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS= old housing being turned into modern apartments
- THE ETHNIC DIMENSION= when immigrants come to a country they can’t afford nice housing so are concentrated in poor city areas
4
Q
issues of social segregation
A
- areas experience prejudice and racism
- people may feel isolated
5
Q
cultural diversity=
A
the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society
P= enriches a city character, cultural events attract tourism
N= tension can lead to violence, increased pressure on services
6
Q
strategies to reduce urban issues
A
- CITY MINIMUM WAGE= cities like London or New York, the minimum wage is higher than the rest of the country. this helps reduce economic inequality
- FAIR RENT/HOUSING POLICIES= legalisation can be put in place to ensure people have access to safe and affordable homes
- RECOGNISE INFORMAL HOUSING ISSUES= informal housing are demolished but to limit social issues they can be recognised by law
7
Q
LA -ISSUES
A
- high income areas have major transport routes in area
- 1/4 African Americans live below the poverty line
- 18% of black households don’t have access to a car
- latinos earn $9/hr less than white americans
- low income areas include watts and Compton
8
Q
LA-SOLUTIONS
A
- metro micro service-100 vans leave watts from 5 am to 11pm
- $27.1 million is given to latino students to help gain entry to graduate school programmes
- LA increased minimum wage to $15/hr
- increased job access within a 10 min walk of bus or train by 36%
9
Q
Mumbai-issues
A
- trains exceeding capacity-5000 passengers crammed into carriages for 1750 people
- informal economy is vital for citizens of DHARAVI and replacing it could threaten their economic wellbeing
- dharavi slum with 1 million people is next to sewage=poor sanitation
- the Dharavi redevelopment project where its trying to regime dweller into flats has been the governments main focus
10
Q
mumbai-solutions
A
- 12 new lines being built along metro to make it easier to access city
- suburban railway lines carry more than 7.5 million passengers a day
- taxing the wealthiest in society more than the poor reduces income inequality
