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Theology and philosophy > Islam Practices > Flashcards

Islam Practices Flashcards

1
Q

Give two ways which Shi’a Muslims celebrate the festival Ashura

A
  • By re-enacting the events that led up to the death of Husayn
  • Mosques provide free meals for people
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2
Q

What is the name of the religious tax paid by only Shi’a Muslims?

A

Khums

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3
Q

What are two contrasting understandings of Jihad?

A
  • Greater Jihad

- Lesser Jihad

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4
Q

Give a quote about the greater Jihad

A

“The effort against oneself” - Hadith

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5
Q

Give a quote about the lesser Jihad

A

“ fight in the cause of God ”

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6
Q

What would a Muslim do for the Greater Jihad?

A

Follow the Shariah law and the pillars

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7
Q

What would a Muslim do for the Lesser Jihad?

A

Defend their religion or fight for it when commanded by a legitimate leader

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8
Q

What are the conditions of the lesser Jihad?

A
  • It must be in defence of Allah
  • No harm must be done
  • Peace must be restored
  • It should not be done with aggression
  • It should be a last resort
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9
Q

What are two ways the Ka’aba is important in the Muslim Hajj

A
  • Muslims circle around the Ka’aba 7 times which represents the single point which Muslims focus around - the oneness of God
  • Pilgrims unite at the Ka’aba which unites the Ummah
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10
Q

Two quotes about the Ka’aba

A

“A focal point for the people”

“ the sacred house”

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11
Q

Quotes about Salah

A

Those who “pray regularly”“Most likely to be guided”
“The Lord answered”
“Answer the call of the caller”

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12
Q

Give two rituals that Muslims perform during Salah

A
  • Bowing down

- Crying out ‘God is great’

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13
Q

Explain 2 contrasting understandings of Salah

A
  • Sunni:
    they must pray the 5 daily prayers at 5 different times and they only
    combine prayers during hajj or whilst travelling
  • Shi’a:
    they can pray at three different times during the day and they combine
    the afternoon and evening prayers
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14
Q

What are the key differences between how Sunni and Shi’a Muslims practice prayer?

A

Sunni Muslims:
- they prostrate by putting their heads directly on to a prayer mat/or
they may use any clean place, etc.
Shi’a Muslims:
- use a special clay tablet to prostrate on which is usually made from clay from the land of Karbala where Hussein died

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15
Q

What are the 5 different prayer times for Sunni Muslims?

A 
Fajr - before sunrise
Zuhr - just after midday
Asr - afternoon
Maghrib - just after sunset
Isha - night
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16
Q

How do Muslims prepare for prayer?

A
  • By ablution called Wudu

- spiritual purification ritual

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17
Q

In what direction do Muslims pray?

A
  • Facing the holy city of Makkah
  • They can see this direction by facing the Mihrab in the Qiblah wall of the mosque
  • Or if they are outside the mosque they can use a special compass
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18
Q

Quote about Wudu

A

“wash your feet up to the ankles”

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19
Q

2 ways Salah is carried out in a mosque

A
  • Lead by an Imam

- Men and women are separated

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20
Q

What is Rak’ah?

A
  • A sequence of actions and recitations
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21
Q

2 actions of Rak’ah

A
  • While standing, Muslims recite a chapter from the Qur’an

- They kneel with their forehead, nose, hand, knees and toes touching the floor (prostration)

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22
Q

What are 2 things Muslims do when praying at home?

A
  • Wudu

- Use a prayer mat

23
Q

Quote about Rak’ah

A

“So woe to them who pray but are heedless of their prayer” - encourages actions

24
Q

What is Jummah?

A

Friday prayer

25
Q

What are 2 Jummah practices?

A
  • Muslims men must leave their work and attend the mosque

- Imams deliver a sermon that reminds Muslims of their duty to God

26
Q

3 Muslim beliefs about prayer

A
  • Unites all Muslims as they pray the same way

- Creates an awareness of God which motivates them to do God’s will

27
Q

2 contrasting Muslim beliefs about giving Alms

A
  • Strengthens communities by making the rich support the poor
  • Gives Muslims a good attitude towards money ( learn to share and not be greedy with it )
28
Q

What is Zakah?

A
  • The giving of Alms

- a compulsory 2.5% of savings a year

29
Q

What is the role of Zakah?

A

To help the poor

30
Q

Where did Zakah originate?

A

As a response to an instruction in the Qur’an

31
Q

Quotes about Zakah

A
  • “God is well aware of what good you do”
  • “Alms are meant for the poor”
  • “zakat is for bringing hearts together”
32
Q

How is Zakah given?

A
  • Can be donated directly to charities such as Islamic relief or Muslim aid
  • It can be put into a collection box in the mosque to be distributed among the poor
33
Q

What is Khums?

A

An optional 20% of the excess earnings of a Shi’a Muslim

34
Q

Quote about hajj

A

” a duty owed to God by people who are able to undertake it”

35
Q

What are the origins of Hajj?

A
  • 4000 years ago Ibrahim was asked by God to take and leave his wife and son in Arabia
  • They became dehydrated
  • Ishmael struck his foot on the ground and water began to gush up from the Earth
  • When Ibrahim returned, God asked him to build a shrine dedicated to him
  • The Ka’aba was built by Ibrahim and God told him to make it a pure place of worship and to call people to perform hajj there
36
Q

What are 3 actions that Muslims perform during Hajj?

A
  • They enter a sacred state of Ihram
  • They circle the Ka’aba 7 times
  • They travel to Arafat after circling it
37
Q

What is the significance of Mina?

A

contains the location where pilgrims perform the stoning of the devil in its valley

38
Q

What is the significance of Arafat?

A

the place where Muhammad gave his final sermon

39
Q

What is the significance of Muzdalifah?

A

where the Day of Judgement will take place

40
Q

What are the order of locations during Hajj?

A

Arafat -> Muzdalifah -> Mina

41
Q

What do Muslims do at Arafat?

A

they pray while hoping to be forgiven for their sins

42
Q

What do Muslims do at Muzdalifah?

A

They collect pebbles, which are required for the following day

43
Q

What do Muslims do at Mina?

A

They stone the Devil

44
Q

How do Muslims enter a sacred state of Ihram?

A

Muslims change their clothes to white cloths to show equality
They perform ritual washing

45
Q

Why do Muslims circle the Ka’aba?

A

To demonstrate the unity of the believers as they focus their lives around one point - God

46
Q

why is Hajj important?

A
  • Shows self-discipline
  • Emphasises unity and equality
  • Makes the Hajji a better person as it transforms them spiritually
47
Q

Why is Id ul Adha significant?

A
  • marks the end of Hajj

- Muslims remember the trials of the prophet Ibrahim, who was asked to sacrifice his son in a dream by God

48
Q

Quote about Id Ul Adha

A

“My son, indeed I have seen in a dream that I must sacrifice you”

49
Q

How do Muslims celebrate Id Ul Adha?

A
  • By giving money to the poor

- Community celebrations which involve exchanging presents with their family and friends

50
Q

Why is Id ul Fitr significant?

A
  • Is a day of thanksgiving to Allah for the Qur’an

- Celebrate the fact that Muslims have completed the Fourth Pillar of Islam -sawm

51
Q

Quote about Id ul Fitr/ Sawm

A

“present during that month should fast”

“Night of glory is better than a thousand months”

52
Q

How do Muslims celebrate Id Ul Fitr?

A
  • by paying a special Zakat
  • have a large meal to celebrate the end of
    fasting during Ramadan
53
Q

Why is Ashura significant?

A
  • commemorates the death of Hussein, Ali’s son, in battle

- Ashura is a reminder of the suffering the Shi’a community has experienced, as they have been persecuted as a minority

54
Q

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

A
  • Shahadah
  • Salah
  • Zakah
  • Sawm
  • Hajj

Theology and philosophy (16 decks)

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