ISLAM - Muslim Practices - 5 Pillars and 10 obligatory acts -FIRST TOPIC HALF Flashcards
Allah
God
Name the 5 pillars in order
Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, Hajj
Name the 10 obligatory acts in order
Salah,Sawm, Zakat, Khums, Hajj, Jihad, Amr-bil Maruf, Nahi Anil Munkar, Tawallah, Tabarra
What is the Shahada definition
The Shahada is the Muslim declaration of faith. It expresses the basic beliefs of Islam.
What is the Sunni Shahada
It is the 1st pillar. ‘There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger’
Shi’a Shahada, and what does it show.
It is NOT in the 10 obligatory acts.’There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger Ali is the friend of God’. This is to show their belief that Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son in law, as a true successor of Muhammad. It distinguishes them from the Sunni Shahada.
When can the Shahada be said/recited.
Recited many times during a Muslims life. First word whispered into a baby’s ear, last thing they try to say if possible, said in prayer, said in ceremonies like weddings or funeral. Recited with converts.
What is the significance of Shahada?
Expresss the core beliefs of Islam. It is considered to provide the foundation for the other four pillars, which tell a Muslim how to live according to beliefs expressed in Shahada. As a result. Foundation building block.
What is the first obligatory act?
Salah
2nd act
Sawm
3rd act
Zakat
4th act
Khums
5th act
Hajj
7th act
Amr-bil Maruf
8th Act?
Nahi Anil Munkar
9thth act
Tawallah
10th act
Tabarra
what does the 4th act (Khums ) mean?
20 percent tax (half goes to charity and half to religious leaders)
what does the 7th act (Amr-bil Munakr) mean
encouraging people to do what is good
what is the 6th act
Jihad
what does this 6th act mean
The struggle to maintain the faith and defend Islam.
what does the 7th act (Nahi Anil Munkar) mean
Discouraging people from doing what is wrong
what is the term of the definition of ‘not associating with the enemies of God’ and what act is it
Tabarra, the 10th obligatory act
Tawallah defintiion
9th act and it means showing love for God and people who follow Him.
Salah (longer definition)
Prayer with and in worship of God, performed under conditions set by the prophet Muhammad.
How often and when do Sunni Muslims pray
5 times a day. Just before sunrise. Just after midday. Afternoon. Just after sunset. Night.
How often do Shi’a Muslims pray and why.
3 times because they combine the miday and afternoon prayers and the sunset and night prayers.
What is another difference, besides the amount they pray, between Salah in Sunni and Shi’a Muslims.
Shi’a Muslims believe in using only natural elements when prostrating themselves, so they place a clay table at the spot where their forehead will rest . Whereas Sunni place their head onto the floor/prayer mat during salah.
2 QUOTES ABT PROSTRATION.
Quote 1 =Woe to me… the son of Adam was commanded to prostrate and he prostrated, so Paradise will be his; I was commanded to prostrate and I refused, so Hell is mine’
Quote 2 = ‘so woe to those who pray but are heedless of their prayer.’ (heedless means those who don’t use their hearts)
What is Wudu and tell me about it some info.
DEFINITIONN = A RITUAL OF WASHING BEFORE PRAYER. It is the preparation for prayer, meaning ablution (washing). It is important that Muslims are spiritually clean before they pray and this is done by wudu. quote ‘you who believe , when you are abt to pray, wash your faces and hands up to elbows.’ if water is not available g in desert, a dry form of washing eg sand is allowed. This reiterates the fact that wudu is more about spiritual cleanliness rather than physical.
What is the direction of prayer.
Mecca ( Makkah)
What indicates the direction of prayer
The mihrab. This is a small ninche in the qiblah wall, which is the wall facing Mecca. Muslims use this to face the right direction when they pray. Muslims also use a special compass to indicate the direction they pray.
why is wudu important
helps fully focus on God/ shows good Muslim, following Qura’an, etc
why is praying in same direction. important
means that all Muslims are focusing on one place associated with God.
Prayer at home
allowed to pray at home, must perform wudu before but don’t need a special room in the house. They will use a prayer mat still positioned at Mecca.
What is the Jummah prayer?
A special prayer held on midday friday. Men are expected to attend mosque , imam says special sermon too but Muslims are otherwise allowed to pray at home if they ant to aka women.
Wat is Rak’ah?
A set of sequences of actons and recitations. Prayers are made up of a number of Rak’ahs ed 2 Rak’ahs etc.
Some Muslims may emphasise the ________ aspects of prayer, while others focus more on the ______ quality of prayer. All agree it is very important
ritualistic. Spiritual.
State the entire Rak’ah sequence..
1) Stand and recite first chapter of Quar’an 2) Bow (respect) and recite entire Glory Be in my Lord who is the very Greatest, in Arabic, three times. 3) Stand and make a recitation praisingGod 4) Kneel w forehead, knees,hands and toes touching the floor - prostration to show obedience. Recite ‘How perfect is the Lord the most high 5) Recite God is the greatest’ First while sitting and then while prostrating.
Once required number of rak’ah is complete, what do Muslims do?
Turn their face to left and right while reciting in Arabic ‘peace be upon you, and may the mercy and blessings of God’
Can Muslims add personal prayers?
Yes, at the end of Rak’ah. These don’t have to be in Arabic.
What is Sawm?
4th of 5 pillars, 2nd obligatory act, it is Fasting during Ramadan
What month in the Islamic calendar is sawm observed
9th
How many days are there in the month of Ramadan
30
Ramadan definition
The ninth month of the Muslim calendar, during which Muslims have to fast from dusk till sunset.
Fasting definition
Not eating or drinking for a certain length of time, usually for a religious reason
What is the Night of Power definition
The night when Jibril first started to recite the Qur’an , to Muhammad. Muslims celebrate this night during Ramadan.
Origins of fasting
The command was revealed to Muhammad and can be found in the Qur’an: “it was in the ninth month of Ramadan that the Qur’an was revealed as guidance for mankind…so any one of you who sees in that month should fast.’ It has been obligatory for Muslims to fast since the 7th century.
what else is forbidden in Ramadan
food, drink, smoking, and sex are forbidden during daylight hours
Exceptions of fasting
Children, ill people, pregnant, travellers or breastfeeding can be excused but they are expected to make up later if they can.
Fasting importance
Self-discipline, obedience, submitting to God’s will, following Qur’an so good Muslim, inspires Muslims to help those in poverty who can’t afford food or drink so Zakat
What are the words that Jibril spoke to Muhammad as he revealed the Qur’an?
’ Read! In the name of your Lord who created: He created man from a clinging form. Read! You Lord is the Most Bountiful One who taught by the pen taught man what he did not know’
Date of The Night Of Power
Unclear but believed to be an odd number in the second half of Ramadan
What do Muslims do on the Night of Power and Why????
Stay awake throughout each night one the dates, praying and studying the Qur’an. Prayers answered, sins forgiven, “What will explain to you what that Night of Glory is? The Night of Glory is better than a thousand months”
Hajj definition
5th pillar and seventh obligatory act. It is the annual pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca) that every Muslim should make at least once in their life.
Pilgrimage definition
A journey made by a believer to a holy site for religious reasons, an act of worship and devotion
How long is hajj
Hajj takes place over seven days.
What do the actions performed on Hajj remember
The events in the lives of the prophet Ibrahim and his family.
What is the Ka’aba
The black, cube-shaped building in the centre of the Grand Mosque in Makkah. It is the holiest place in Islam
Where does hajj start and end and how many times should Muslims do hajj
starts and ends in Mecca, Saudia Arabia, Muslims are expected to go once in their life provided that they’re wealthy enough to do so. If not, often local communities will fund it. Or if they’re sick. Takes place in Dhul-Hijah
What are the origins of hajj (full story)
Abt 4000 years ago, God told prophet Ibrahim to take his wife Hajira and son Ishmael to Arabia. Then God told Ibrahim to leave Hajira and Ishmael on their own with some supplies of food and water. After a few days supplies ran out and Hajira and Ishmael were suffering from hunger and dehydration. Hajira ran up and down 2 hills called Safa and Marah, looking for help or a source of water. After running between them seven times, she collapsed beside her son. Hajira prayed to God for help. Ishmael then struck his foot on the ground, and water began to gush up from the earth. Hajira and Ishmael survived by trading some of the water for food and supplies . This source of water became known of Zamzam. When Ibrahim returned, God told him to build a shrine dedicated to Him- the Ka’bah. Ibrahim was told to make the Kab’ad a pure place of worship and to call people to perform Hajj. Over many years, as the city of Mecca grew, God’s instructions to Ibrahim were forgotten. People worshipped idols and stored them in the Kab’ah. In 628CE, Huhammad journeyed from Medina to Mecca with a large group of Muslims to convert the city of Islam. This is thought to have been the first pilgrimage in Islam. This story is reflected in Hajj
list some significances of hajj
produces inner peace, emphasises equality and unity, fulfills a religious obligation, leads to a person’s sins being forgiven (way to heaven), brings a person closer to God, reminds Muslims of the good example set by the prophets, shows self-discipline and dedication to God
Who/what is a Hajji?
Someone who has completed Hajj
What is the first stage of Hajj, that happens just before it
Entering a state of ihram
What is the first part of the actual Hajj
Circling the Kab’ah
What happens on the second stage of Hajj/ after circling the Kab’ah
Walking between the two hills, (Safa and Marwah)
What is the 3rd stage of hajj / after walking between the two hills?
Standing at the (plain of) Arafat
What is the 4th stage of hajj/ after standing at the Arafat?
Throwing pebbles at Mina
What is the last/ 5th / after throwing pebbles at Mina stage of Hajj called?
Sacrificing an animal at Id-ul-Adha
What happens after Hajj is completed for many Muslims (not required to know just some extra info
The next day, pilgrims return to Mecca to circle the Ka’aba seven more times. They then return to Mina to spend two more nights there, remembering God and reflecting on His blessings, before hajj ends. Once Hajj is completed, many pilgrims take the opportunity to travel to Madinah to visit Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (the Prophet’s Mosque.) This is a huge mosque, placed on the site of a much smaller mosque that Muhammad built in 622CE. It contains the tomb of Muhammad and some other early Muslim leaders.
What happens at entering a state of Ihram and say it’s significance
Before Hajj begins, pilgrims must enter a state of purity called Ihram. This involves performing ritual washing, and putting on Ihram clothing. Men dress in two sheets of white cloth, and women wear a single colour (usually white) as well. SIGNIFICANCE= colour symbolises purity, everyone wears similar clothes emphasises unity and equality, it shows everyone is equal before God.
What is Circling the Kab’ah and it’s significance
hajj starts in mecca at the grand mosque. Pilgrimes walk in a circle seven times around the ka’aba. As they circle it they touch the black stone set into a corner of the building, or raise a hand towards it as they pass. SIGNIFICANCE= stone is an ancient Islamic relic and it is believed to be the one surviving stone from the original Kab’ah, Some Muslims believes it comes from paradise and was given by God to Adam
What happens when walking between the two hills and it’s significance
After circling the kab’ah, pilgrims walk seven times between the two hills of Safa and Marwah, they then collect water from the well of Zamzam SIGNIFICANCE: This remembers Hajira’s search for water , and the miraculous appearance of the well of Zamzam
What happens at standing at Arafat and its significancce
Pilgrims travel to Arafat, where Muhammad preached his last sermon, they pend a whole afternoon praying under the hot sun, which is a reminder of what Judgement day will be like, some Muslims stand while they pray to show the depth of their faith SIGNIFICANCE= this afternoon is physically draining and allows Muslims to show their devotion to God, God is believed to forgive the sins of everyone at Arafat, providing that tey are sincerely sorry for what they have done wrong
What happens at throwing pebbles at Mina and its significance
Pilgrims walk to Muzdalifah, where they spend the night. on their way they collect a handful of pebbles, the next day, at Mina, they throw the pbbles at the three stone walls called Jamarst SIGNIFICANCE= the walls represent the devil and temptation, pilgrims throw pebbles at the wall to show that they reject evil and the temptation to sin
What happens at sacrificing an animal and its significance
If they can, pilgrims will sacrifice and animal as part of their celebration of Id-ul-Adha, the leftover meat is given to the poor SIGNIFICANCE= This sacrifice remembers Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his own son out of obedience to God
Quotation on hajj
‘pilgrimage (to the house) is a duty owed to God by people who are able to undertake it’- Qur’an
Quote on Safa and Marwah hills
‘Safa and Marwah are among the rites of God, so for those who make major or minor pilgrimage to the house, it is no offence to circulate between the two’-Qur’an
Muslims believe that the times of Salat prayers are set by whom?
By Allah (and are following the example set by Muhammad)
While performing Rakats during Salat, why do Muslims face right and left?
To show respect to the angels
who leads prayer in a moque
An imam
What does niyyah mean?
Niyyah means an intention to pray.
What is du’ah?
Private prayer
What is the adhan?
A call to prayer recited from a mosque
What quote from the Qur’an is linked to Amr-bil Maruf and Nahi Anil-Munkar?
‘And whatever the Messenger has given you-take; and what he has forbidden you-refrain from’
Give a little more detailed meaning of Amr-bil-Maruf besides encouraging ppl to do what is right
Means anything that is approved by Shari’ah or generally recognised as beneficial/just.
Give a little more detailed meaning of Nahi Anil-Munkar besides discouraging people from doing what is wrong
Means that which is not apporved by Shari’ah or what is detestable or disagreeable
What does haram mean
forbidden
what does halal mean
permitted
Abt what percentage of muslims are Sunni
90 percent
Abt what percentage of muslims and Shi’a
10 percent
Who do Sunnis believe to be the rightful successor of muhammad
Muhammad’s cousin and son in law, Ali
Who do Shias believe to be the rightful successor of muhammad
Muhamma’s friend, Abu Baker
