Islam - beliefs and teachings Flashcards
Muslim
one who has submitted to the will of God and has accepted Islam
Islam
the name of the religion followed by Muslims, to surrender to the will of God, peace
Allah
the Arabic name for God
Tawhid
the Oneness and unity of God
monotheistic
a religion that believes that there is only one God
supremacy
supreme power or authority; a quality of God
what is the shahada
there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger
What does the supremecy of God’s will mean
that nothing happens unless God wants it
what does inshallah mean
if it’s God’s will
how many Sunni Muslims
90 percent
how many Muslims are Shi’a
10 percent
About Sunni and Shi’a Muslims
Both agree that Propher Muhummad was the final prophet however differed in opinion whether Abu Bakar or Ali was His succssor.
Sunnis believe thats Abu Bakar was His successor as He was Muhammad’s closest friend and many believed that Muhammad would have wanted him to be His successor
Shi’a Muslims believe that Ali was Muhammad’s rightful successor because He was blood related as Muhammad’s cousin and son in law, and they believe that a successor should be a relative.
what are the five roots of (Usul ad-Din’ / Shi’a
Tawhid Adalat Nubuwwah Al Ma'ah Imamate
what does Tawhid mean
oneness
what does Adalat mean
justice
what does nubuwwah mean
prophets
what does Al Ma’ah mean
resurrection
what does Imamate mean
leader
detail on Tawhid
oneness of God, He is one and no one compares to Him
Detail on adalat
is the justice of God He is Just and Wise and cannot do wrong and holds humans accountable for what they have done wrong
detail on nubuwwah
is prophethood/prophets as Shia’s believe that Allah sent messengers to guide humanity to the right path on earth and Muhammad was the last of them. The right pah is peace and submission to Allah’s will.
detail on Al Ma’ah
After death all will be resurrected to be judged by God
means resurrection
Physically resurrected
detail on imamate
12 imams are true leaders.
Prophet Muhammad said that twelve imams from his own tribe would succeed him as leaders.
Shia’s believe that the first eleven led the community and some were killed, but the twelfth disappeared after his father’s death. This imam will appear again when Allah decides at the end of time . Currently he is hiding . All imams are seen as infallible (cannot do wrong) and they must be obeyed…..they are protectors of faith ensuring the teachings don’t become corrupted or spoiled.
six articles of faith of Sunni Muslims
Tawhid Belief in Angels Belief in Divine Books Belief in Prophets Belief in The Day of Judgement Belief in Qadr
detail on belief in angels from articles of faith
angels do the work of Allah
They deliver revelations via prophets so that Muslims know what Allah wants them to do.
They record works and actions of each individual so they have a book to account for at the end of their life.
They receive souls at death.
Angels don’t have free will like humans and they obey Allah’ commandements.
detail on belief in angels from articles of faith
angels do the work of Allah
They deliver revelations via prophets so that Muslims know what Allah wants them to do.
They record works and actions of each individual so they have a book to account for at the end of their life.
They receive souls at death.
Angels don’t have free will like humans and they obey Allah’ commandements.
detail about belief in Divine Books fro articles of faith
The belief in the Qur’an is the high source of authority in Islam, the direct words of Allah given through angels.
detail about prophethood from articles of faith
chosen by Allah to deliver messages to humankind. Muhammad wa the last.
Belief in the day of judgement from articles of faith
Life is a test
Day of judgement is when all of humanity will be judged by God and be sent either to paradise or hell
What does Qadr mean
supremacy of God’s will, that everythgin is ordered by Allah.
Detail on the Qadr from the articles of faith
everything is ordered by Allah and predetermined and nothing is random or by chance. Humans have free will, bu Allah knows the past, present and future.
Immament
God is present and involved on earth and in the universe
transcendent
God is beyond and outside life on earth and the univers
omnipotent
all powerful
beneficent
benevolent, all loving and all good
merciful
compassion and forgiving to humans
fairness
God treats people fairly without favour or discrimination
justice
God is fair, rewarding the good and punishing the bad
angels
spiritual beings that are messengers of God
day of judgement
a time when the world will end and every soul will be judged by God, and either rewarded or punished.
Jibril
Arabic name for Gabriel, the archangel who brought God’s message to the prophets particularly to Muhammad
Mika’il
Arabic term for Michael, the archangel of mercy who records good deeds and provides nourishment to people.
predestination
the idea that God knows or determines everything that happens in the future
Sunni on predestination
believe that God has already determined everything and it’s already written out in a Book of deeds
your judgement is already decided
less emphasis on free will
Shi’a on predestination
God knows everything but we still have free will
Emphasis on free will
since God is the creator of time and outside of time
what angels do
receive God’s words directly and pass them on to prophets
ceaselessly praise and worship God
involved in the lives of human beings from soon after conception until the moment of death
some are guardian angels who caare for individuals
records in book of deeds
angel Israfil will blow a trumpet to announce Judgement Day.The angel of death and his helper take people’s souls to God.
aNGELS ALSO ESCORT PEOPLE TO PARADISE And guard the gates of hell
also believe that God has given angels the power to take on human form when appearing to people whom he wishes to give a message
Angel Jibril
arc angel - highest rank
most known for visiting Maryam Mother of Isa (Jesus)
appeared as a peson
brings good knews
spoke to many who received messages from Allah
Jibril was the first thing to be given life and he was sent to look at paradise and hell
Angel Mika’il
arc angel
put in charge of planets and rains
lives in heaven
pleads Allah for mercy for mankind as has seen hell and how easy it is to get there yet how hard it is to get to paradise so he never smiles.
Provides spiritual help to the soul and material help to the body
assisted Muhammad and helps people today too
Akhirah
everlasting life after death
resurrection
rising from the dead or returning to life
heaven
a state of eternal happiness in the presence of God; also called paradise
hell
the state of total separation from God
barzakh
barrier
what do Muslims believe will happen after death
a person till has a conscious existence in the grave. Here they will enter a state of waiting, barzakh and no one can cross the barrier to amend things they have done wrong or warn the living. They wait till the day of judgement. As they lie in the grave, God sends two angels to question them about their faith. If they answer correctly, rewards will come but if they deny God they will se the punishments they will have to endue. Some believe the punishments start right away whilst others think that people sleep in their graves until the end of the world when the day of judgement will come.
about the day of judgement
angel Israfil will blow a trumpet to announce that the world will be destroyed. The present world will be totally transformed into a new world and then the angel Israfil will blow the trumpet again and everyone who has ever lived will be resurrected
and judged by God
People will be given new bodies and the book of their life will be handed to them to read out, the book of deeds dictates how one lives in the afterlife…
if people are given it in their right hand they will go to heaven and if they are given it in their left they will go to hell
All will face their good and bad deeds and realise what they have done. If they are believers who have shown sorrow for their failings then God will forgive them. God sorts the souls by making them cross the bridge that spans into the fires of hell or across a quick bridge to heaven
prophet
messenger of God
Risalah
a belief that prophets are an important channel of communication between God and humans
prophethood
when God makes someone a prophet to communicate His messages to people
who is iblis
satan, a spiritual being, created from firei who was thrown out of paradise for refusing to bow to Adam.
About Adam
first man on Earth and first prophet of Islam, created by God from dust he is regarded as the father of the human race and so is treated with reverence and great respect
God told the angels to bow down to Adam out of respect and admiration for his knowledge, since God taught him everything, but iblis refused. His defiance resulted him in being thrown out of paradise and he vowed to tempt humans to sin against God
In order to prevent Adam from loneliness, God create Hawwa (Eve) and they lived in the garden of bliss. They just had to follow the rule of not eating the fruit from a specific tree but iblis deceived them into earing it and they were thrown out of the garden. Their actions brought sin into the world and now all humans would be judged on judgement day
Adam is important to Muslims siince God gave him understanding and Adam in turn passed on his knowledge to the rest of the hi=uman race through his descendants, God revealed to him the food that Muslims are allowed to eat, how to repent for wrongdoing and how to bury the dead
Adam and Hawwa (Eve) had many children including Cain and Abel
Ka’aba
the black cube-shaped building in the centre of the Grand Mosque in Makkah (mecca); the holiest place in Islam
Id-ul-Adha
a Muslim festival that celebrates the prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son for God
Hajj
the annual pilgrimage to Makka (Mecca) that every Muslim should try to make at least once in their life
About Ibrahim
Arabic name for Abraham.
He fulfilled all the tests and commands given to him by God, and so was promised to be the father of all nations. Role model due to his obedience kindness compassiona nd refusal to worship idols
He declared to submit to his belief in one God (Allah) , who created the universe and stop idol worship
He took an axe and destroyed all the idols in the temple except from the largest one and when people saw what had happened they were angry and demanded to know what took place. Ibrahim replied that the biggest statue had destroyed all teh rest and they could ask him if that was the case. The people replied that their statue cannot speak and so Ibrahim rebuked them for worshipping statues that cannot speak, hear, see or defend themselves.
People were angry and threw him to burn alive in a fire but only his chains burned and he walked out completely uscathed, much to the amazement of many and many began to follow God.
About The Ka’aba, Ishmael and Hajj
Mecca considered to be the house of God and holiest place in Islam. Original Ka’aba was built by Adam but it was destroyed by the flood at the time of Noah. With his son Ishmael, ibrahim rebuilt it on the same sit.
Many believe that Ibrahim had a dream in which God asked hm to sacrifice his son and ibrahim was willing, showing his willingness and obedience to faith During the festival of Id ul-Adha each year, Muslims slaughter an animal to remember ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son.
Ibrahim also remembered when Muslims go on Hajj. This pilgramige is a way to return to the perfection the same way they throwstones at the pillars in the same way ibrahim threw stones at the devil that tempted him to disobey God.
When pilgrims run between two hills and drink water of Zam zam, they rememver tge story of Ibrahim’s wife Hagar.
She searches for water for her younger son Ishmael and God rewarded her search woth the gift of the well.
Caliph
a person considered to be a political and religious successor to the prophet Muhammad, and the leader of the Sunni Muslim community
i
Immamate
the divine appointment of the imams
Imam
a person who leads communal prayer
OR
In Shi’a Islam, the title given to Ali his successors
About Muhammad
Muhammad received the final revelation of Islam and is known as the last and greatest prophet.
Muhammad became an orphan at a young age and was brought up by his uncle. When he was 25 he marries his employer, a wealthy widow named Khadijah.
From a young age je was re;ogopis and went to a cave for meditation and prayer. One day, on the mount Hira, the angel Jibril appeared to him with a message / revelation from God. For more than 20 years, Muhammad received further revelations and these were combined tgetheer to form the Qur’an.
Muhammad also began preaching that God is one and to surrender to him. He challenged people to give up cheating, drinking alchohol, gambling and idol worship. Leaders were annoyed and he fled persecution with his followers.
One night he was ascended to heaven and saw magnificant signs of God and spoke to prophets such as Isa (Jesus.)
Muhammad won many battles to convert people to Islam but later became ill and died and was buried in a simple grave.
About the Imamate
When Muhammad died it wasn’t clear who should succed him. Muslims split into two gorups. Sunnis selected Abu Bakr as their first Caliph.
Shi’as thought it was Ali.
When Ali died, his son became the Imam and each Imam that followed was a descendant.
They believe that there were 12 Imams in total.
Torah
The five books revealed by God to Moses
Psalms
a holy book revealed to God by David
Gospel
a holy book revealed to God by Jesus
Scrolls of Abraham
a holy book revealed to God by Abraham
About The Qur’an
Word of God
Infallible source of authority
Original Qur’an believed to be in hevaen so when Muslims read the Qur’an they believe that God’s words are speaking directly to them
Qur’an means ‘the Recital’ as Muhammad recited by heart every revelation received and passed it to his followers.
Muslim children are encouraged to learn Arabic so they can read the QUr’an in its original laguage
Qur’an recitation is highly valued as Muslims believe that it brings blessings
Those who recite the whole Qur’an from memory are given the title ‘hazfiz’
Other holy books
Torah, Psalms, Gospel and maybe other books that have been lost whilst others believe they can be found in the Christian Bible - although the original text has been corrupted or distorted so does not have the same authority as the Qur’an
