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Conditions: Haematology > Iron Deficiency Anaemia > Flashcards

Iron Deficiency Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 causes of microcytic anaemia?

A 
Iron deficiency
Thalassaemia
Anaemia of 
Sideroblastic anaemia
Lead poisoning
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2
Q

What are the 2 different types of normocytic anaemia?

A

Haemolytic

Non-haemolytic

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3
Q

What are the 2 different types of haemolytic anaemia?

A

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

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4
Q

What are the intrinsic causes of haemolytic anaemia?

A

G-6-P Deficiency
Hereditary spherocytosis
Pyruvate kinase deficiency

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5
Q

What are the extrinsic causes of haemolytic anaemia?

A

Autoimmune haemolysis

Infection

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6
Q

What are the non-haemolytic causes of normocytic anaemia?

A

Anaemia of chronic disease (cancers)

Aplastic anaemia

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of macrocytic anaemia?

A

Megaloblastic

Normoblastic

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8
Q

What are the causes of megaloblastic anaemia?

A

B12 deficiency

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9
Q

What are the causes of normoblastic macrocytic anaemia?

A

Liver disease
Alcoholism
Myelodysplasia

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10
Q

How is iron absorbed?

A

Binds to mucosal ferritin and travels through ferroportin 1 to be bound to plasma transferrin

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11
Q

Where is iron stored?

A

Liver

Bone marrow

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12
Q

How is iron excreted?

A

It ISNT

Either lost by bleeding or sloughed off

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13
Q

What is the process of sloughing off?

A

Instead of passing through ferroportin 1 ferritin is sloughed off and excreted

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14
Q

How does the body regulate iron uptake?

A

Use of hepcidin

- Blocks ferroportin 1

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15
Q

What are the main causes of iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Bleeding
Malabsorption
Poor diet

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16
Q

Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Tiredness
Fatigue
Pallor
Dyspnoea

17
Q

Typical presentation

A

” 25 y/o G3P3 woman presents with fatigue and dyspnoea on exertion 8 weeks post delivery. O/e she is pale and has spooning of the fingertips. In the history she states she was unable to tolerate her antenatal drugs and has been craving eating ice. “

18
Q

What is the craving of non food products?

A

Pica

19
Q

What are the sings of iron def?

A

Glossitis
Angular stomatis
Koilonychia

20
Q

Investigation?

A

Bloods

  • Hb
  • Ferritin
  • Reticulocyte count
21
Q

What are diagnostic Hb levels in men and women?

A 
Men = <130
Women = <120
22
Q

What are the differentials of iron def?

A

Thalassaemia

Sideroblastic anaemia

23
Q

How are the DDx differentiated?

A 
Thalassaemia = normochromic
Sideroblastic = iron raised
24
Q

Treatment?

A

INVESTIGATE CAUSE
- GI endoscopy

Iron supps

25
Q

What should be done in severe disease?

A

Transfusion

Conditions: Haematology (20 decks)

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