IR Flashcards
What are the question types for TABLE ANALYSIS questions?
Tips for Table Analysis?
Either-Or
> –> Yes/No, Would Help Explain/Would Not, True/False, Justified/Not Justified
> every sentence needs to have an answer
Tips:
> Table will also be ascending in each sort
> SEE acronym (Sort - Eyeball - Estimate)
> Make sure you UNDERSTAND the details in each statement (e.g., “consumer purchases of ELECTRONICS typically drop…”)
> Eye ball the table to focus attention on what to calculate, if any (e.g., percent change).
> Remember you have a calculator! So use it wisely.
If a division has 26% market share in every country where its products are sold, what would the global market share be?
Also 26%
e.g., Suppose there are 10 countries.
Division’s Global MS = (2610)/(10010) = 26%
What are the question types for GRAPHICS questions?
Tips for Graphics?
- Fill in the blank
Tips:
> First scan the answer format before understanding the table.
> Make smart estimates to save time (e.g., Comparing two data points => Find the DIFFERENCE).
> Pay attention to the units, especially of increments/line segments in a bar/column/line chart
What are the question types for MSR questions?
Tips for MSR?
Standard MC or Either-Or questions.
> Supported by the Passage Yes/No, Would Help Explain/Would Not, True/False, Justified/Not Justified
Tips:
> Scan through the tab labels and data, creating Tab Map (like in RC or CR)
> ALWAYS check for proof in the source material (don’t rely on memory all the time).
> TAKE YOUR TIME TO UNDERSTAND THE STATEMENTS AND PROMPT
> Write out your calculations clearly to avoid dumb mistakes
> If given the TOTAL budget for multiple projects, you cannot easily conclude how much each individual project will cost
> Beware of traps: Mix-Up trap
> For inference type questions, there NEEDS TO BE SUPPORT from the passage to conclude something
What are the question types for Two-Part analysis questions?
Tips for Two-Part?
One ans per column
> Can be Quant-based, Verbal-based, or Logic Based
Tips:
> Classify the type of Two-Part analysis to prep yourself
> Answers might be RELATED in some way
1) Quant-based - if answers are related in some way, see if you can solve for each variable TOGETHER and find the RELATIONSHIP between the variables (e.g., A - B, A + B)
2) Verbal-based (e.g., Strengthen/Weaken claim, Cause-Effect, Circumstance-Prediction)
> For Cause-Effect, map out the chain. The Cause cannot be the last element of the chain, and the Effect cannot be the first element of the chain.
3) Logic-based - looks verbal, but with more formalized analytical thinking/CONSTRAINTS
e.g. No more than 2 oxidizers can be produced per shift; at least one English speaking person on each day.
> First figure out what must and must not be true about the last item BASED on the the given info.
e.g., Max 3 more Health and 5 more for Reactivity during Day Shift.
Software Company M accused Company S of intellectual property theft, citing as evidence similar user interface designs for the company’s new operating system products, both of which launched this year, and the fact that Company M’s chief designer defected to Company S nine months ago. Company S countered that the product was 90% finished by the time the former designer joined Company S and that he was not allowed to work on that product in order to avoid any potential conflicts of interest.
Select the additional information that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence FOR company S’s claim (that it did not illegally obtain information about Company M’s products, and select the additional information that, if true, would provide the strongest evidence AGAINST that claim.
A) A comparison with a third operating system company’s user interface design shows overlap with Company M on in features that have been in industry-wide use for years.
B) Company S’s former chief designer quit after a dispute over creative control
C) Last year, another company released software that incorporates some of the same user interface designs at issue in the dispute
D) Several key parts of the software code in Company S’s product are nearly identical to code that Company M’s former chief designer wrote for Company m.
E) It is quite common for software companies to accuse other companies of intellectual property theft
Two Part Analysis - Verbal
FOR Company S’s claim (Strengthen): C
> NOT A - discusses a comparison with a THIRD operating system company’s product, which doesn’t strengthen or weaken Company S’s claim (could be the same or different designs in question!)
> C - if another company released the SAME designs at issue a year ago, then Company S did not directly steal from Company M.
AGAINST Company S’s claim (weaken): D
> Suggests that Company M’s former chief designer replicated the key parts of the code in Company S’s product.
In the historical record of taxidermy (the art of stuffing and preserving dead animals), there are both examples of striped nose-tailed mongooses and examples of nose-tailed mongooses that are of a single solid color. However, every living nose-tailed mongoose is striped. Therefore, the mongooses living in the New Delhi Zoo are striped.
In the first column below, select the statement that is sufficient (although not necessary) to disprove the second sentence in the argument above. In the second column below, select an assumption that must be made to draw the conclusion in the argument above. Make only two selections, one in each column.
A) More than one living mongoose is nose-tailed.
B) Not all striped living mongooses are nose-tailed.
C) Two of the nose-tailed mongooses living in the Brooklyn Zoo are solid grey in color.
D) There is no mongoose living in the New Delhi Zoo that is not nose-tailed.
E) Not every striped mongoose living in the New Delhi Zoo is nose-tailed.
F) Some mongooses living in the New Delhi Zoo are neither striped nor nose-tailed.
Two Part Analysis - Verbal
First Column: Disproves Second Statement (“However, every living nose-tailed mongoose is striped.”)
> We need evidence that there are some living nose-tailed mongooses that are SOLID colour
> B is wrong: Some striped living mongooses are not nose-tailed. But this statement doesn’t say anything about the nose-tailed mongooses and whether they are striped.
> C is correct –> Proof that some living nose-tailed mongooses are not striped.
> D is wrong: Doesn’t say anything about whether the nose-tailed mongooses in the zoo are striped or not.
> E is wrong: Again like B, this statement says some striped living mongooses are not nose-tailed. But doesn’t say anything about whether the nose-tailed mongooses are striped.
Second Column: Must be Assumed to draw the conclusion that “Therefore, the mongooses living in the New Delhi Zoo are striped”
> e.g., NDZ contains only nose-tailed mongooses.
> D is correct: All of the mongooses living in NDS are nose-tailed.
Five documentary films covering five different topics (history, art, environment, politics, and science) are being shown during a two-day film festival. There are two time slots each day, morning and night, and up to three movies can be shown in each time slot. Although no film is to be played more that once during the same time slot, every film must be shown at least twice. In addition, the following rules hold:
Politics and science are never shown in any time slot together.
If history is shown in a slot on the first day, art is also shown in the same time slot.
History is only shown in the morning.
The environment film is shown twice on the second day.
Only two films are shown on the second night.
Based on the information given, identify a film that could not be shown on the morning of the first day and a film that could be shown three times during the festival. Make only two selections, one in each column.
Two Part Analysis - Logic
Fill in the known constraints first. Then, keep checking the constraints off.
Day 1 Morn: H, A
Day 1 Night:
Day 2 Morn: H, E
Day 2 Night: E
Next, poli and sci can go each of the four days, just not together.
Day 1 Morn: H, A, Poli/Sci —–> filled up max 3.
Day 1 Night: Poli/Sci
Day 2 Morn: H, E, Poli/Sci —–> filled up max 3.
Day 2 Night: E, Poli/Sci —–> filled up max 2
Ans 1 is ENVIRONMENT (cannot be shown on the first morning)
Art needs to be watched once more. Day 2 is all full, so Art is watched Day 1 Night.
Day 1 Morn: H, A, Poli/Sci —–> filled up max 3.
Day 1 Night: Poli/Sci, Art
Day 2 Morn: H, E, Poli/Sci —–> filled up max 3.
Day 2 Night: E, Poli/Sci —–> filled up max 2
At this point, all of the films have been watched twice. Since History can only be shown in the mornings, Art cannot be shown twice on one day, ENVIRONMENT is ans 2.
A metal works company is creating alloy Z by combining alloy X and alloy Y in a specific ratio. Alloy X is 25% copper by weight and alloy Y is 65% copper by weight.
In the columns below, identify the percent of alloy Z that is composed of alloy X and the percent of alloy Z that is copper by weight. These percents must be consistent with each other and with the conditions stated above. Make exactly one selection in each column.
Alloy X (% of Alloy Z) And Copper (% of Alloy Z)
25% 35% 50% 60% 65% 75%
Two Part Analysis - Quant
Concepts: Weighted Average
> As you shift the % of Alloy Z that is made up of each alloy from Y to X, the amount of copper DECREASES
> If 100% Y –> Z would have 65% copper
> If 100% X –> Z would have 25% copper.
> Therefore, the amount of copper (column 2) must be between 25% and 65%
“Alloy X is 25% copper by weight” means 25% of X (expressed as units of weight) is the amount of copper (in the same units of weight)
e.g., Alloy X = 100 lbs, Copper makes up 25 lbs.
Strategy: Test copper percentages and find weight of x. Try to find A PAIR in the answers!!
> weighted average distance = 65% - 25% = 40%
e.g., If Copper = 35%, then Wx = 30/40 = 75%
Alloy x = 75%
Given a process diagram with percents associated with paths.
e.g., 3/4 do not require additional heating.
How do you get the average time or number of steps?
Go through each step of the process diagram and weight each step.
e.g.,
Step 1 = 100% at 30 min = 30 min
Step 2 = 3/4 at 0 min and 1/4 at 20 min = 1/4(20) = 5 min
Step 3 = 100% at 5 min = 5 min
etc.
Negative and positive correlation questions - what should you be looking for?
Sketch out a quick scatter plot –> are the points generally sloping upwards or downwards?
Doesn’t have to be perfectly correlated!
