IR 002: Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the concept of unipolarity?

A

A world in which one state is the only superpower

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2
Q

What was the argument of “the unipolar moment”?

A

-the end of the Cold War was the end of the bipolarity; and the US was now in a league of its own

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3
Q

What is the counter argument to “the unipolar moment”?

A

While in terms of military domain the US had unipolarity in many other facets such as economic domain the world was multipolar (US/Europe/Japan)

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4
Q

Who wrote “The end of History”?

A

Francis Fukuyama

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5
Q

What was “The end of History” about?

A

-Universalization of the western liberal democracy as the final form of human government
-Globalization of goods/services/people
-Popular but declined overtime

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6
Q

What was the “Clash of Civilizations” about?

A

-Globalization increases identity conflicts (culture, language, religion, etc.)
-Popular after 9/11 (controversial)

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7
Q

What was the renewed power competition?

A

-Only a matter of time before Russia or China opposes the US
-Increasingly popular since the Ukraine crisis of 2014

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8
Q

What is foreign policy?

A

The sum total of [a states] interactions with the outside world

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9
Q

What is the breakdown of what a state wants?

A

-States have interests (foreign policy)
-To satisfy interest they develop policy objectives)
-To attain policy objectives they define strategies
-These strategies use different policy instruments

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10
Q

What is an interest?

A

Long term condition or situation in the world that the leaders of a government want to exist, so much that they are willing to pay costs to bring it about

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11
Q

What is a policy objective?

A

The outcomes that help advance an interest

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12
Q

What is a strategy?

A

Overarching connection of means to an end. A strategy aims at policy objectives and outlines what policy instruments will be used to attain that objective

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13
Q

What are two types of policy instruments?

A

-Persuasion
-Coercion

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14
Q

What is persuasion?

A

Convincing others to do something

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15
Q

What is coercion?

A

Forcing others to do something

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16
Q

What are tools of persuasion?

A

-Diplomacy
-Economic incentive

17
Q

What is diplomacy?

A

Process by which representatives of two or more governments meet and discuss matters of common concern

18
Q

What are tools of coercion?

A

-Economic Sanctions
-Propaganda to discredit the enemy
-Cover Operations

19
Q

What is the complexity of the foreign policy process?

A

-Difficult to understand the world
-Difficult to implement those decisions
-Smart foreign policy does not have guaranteed success

20
Q

Why is bureaucracy challenging for the foreign policy process?

A

-Often unresponsive
-Long term position where its challenging to fire those in cahge
-Hard to change course (inertia)
-Large

21
Q

What are the 3 inter-connected levels of analysis?

A

-Individual
-State
-Intenational

22
Q

What factors affect individual state leader?

A

-Personality
-Conviction
-Experience