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CompTIA N+ N10-006 > IPv4 Subnetting > Flashcards

IPv4 Subnetting Flashcards

1
Q

What does the subnet mask do?

A

Identifies the network and host portion of an address

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2
Q

What are IP address ranges?

A

A: 1-126.x.x.x
B: 128-191.x.x.x
C: 192-223.x.x.x

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3
Q

What is TTL (time to live)?

A

The time for a ping request to expire

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4
Q

What are the private IP address ranges?

A

A: 10.x.x.x
B: 172.16-31.x.x
C: 192.168.x.x

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5
Q

What do private addresses use to resolve to a public IP address?

A

NAT

Network Address Translation

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6
Q

What Base does Binary use?

A

Base 2

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7
Q

What Base does Decimal use?

A

Base 10

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8
Q

What Base does Hexadecimal use?

A

Base 16

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9
Q

How do you convert decimal to binary?

A

Find the highest common denominator of a powers of 2 that goes into the decimal number. For an octet 2^0 - 2^7

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10
Q

When subnetting, how are each of the octet bits allocated?

A 
Contiguously from left to right
Think Network | Host mentality
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Not:
11011111.11111111.11111101.00000000
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11
Q

How does the prefix length correspond with the subnet number?

A 
/8 = 255.0.0.0 - Class A default
/9 = 255.128.0.0
/10 = 255.192.0.0
/11 = 255.224.0.0
/12 = 255.240.0.0
/13 = 255.248.0.0
/14 = 255.252.0.0
/15 = 255.254.0.0
/16 = 255.255.0.0 Class B default
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12
Q

What are the valid host addresses within a subnet range? (when sacrificing host bits)

A

First host: subnet + 1

Last host: subnet - 2

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13
Q

What is the broadcast address for a subnet range? (when sacrificing host bits)

A

next subnet - 1

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14
Q

What are the two components of an IP address?

A

Network | Host

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15
Q

What are the components of a subnetted IP address?

A

Network | Subnet | Host

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16
Q

What determines if you can assign a host an IP address on a given subnetwork address?

A

You are not able to assign an IP address to a host if it is a subnetwork address with the host portion all 0s

17
Q

How do you calculate number of hosts on a subnet?

A

32 - prefixlength = h

2^h - 2 = number of hosts available

18
Q

How do you calculate the subnet of an IP address?

A

(Last network octet / Block size) * Block size

  • remove remainder
  • host octets will be 0 (everything to the right of network octet)
19
Q

How do you calculate the subnets possible for a given network?

A

Subnets = 2^bits sacrificed from host

20
Q

How do you calculate the subnet addresses for a given network?

A

Subnet is default 0.0.0.0 + Block size each time for number of subnets possible

21
Q

How do you determine Block size for a subnet?

A

Last bit used in octet

In this case 2nd octet:

  1. 255.0.0 Block size = 2^0 = 1
  2. 252.0.0 Block size = 2^2 = 4
22
Q

What does the summary address do?

A

Identifies which bits of an octet are in common

Simplifies the routing table

23
Q

How do you summarise a network?

A

Determine common octets + common consecutive bits in changing octet
Take value of bits and change last network octet + prefixlength based on bits used

24
Q

What is mask value?

A

Increments from left to right in a given octet based on bits used

25
Q

What is a wildcard mask?

A

Inverted subnet mask

26
Q

How do you determine the wildcard mask for a boundary that is not clean (/8, 16, /24)

A

Block size - 1

in mask value’s position

27
Q

What is VLSM?

A

Variable Length Subnet Mask

28
Q

How do you configure a VLSM?

A

List mask and subnets in order of most hosts required
After last subnet on a network increment by its block size again then start the next network
Repeat for point to point WAN links

29
Q

What public address range is used for multicast?

A

224-239.x.x

30
Q

How do you determine largest remaining block in VLSM?

A

32 - Address prefix length (h)
2^h total host addresses that can be allocated
Largest remaining = 2^h - VLSMs

CompTIA N+ N10-006 (28 decks)

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