Ionic bonding Flashcards
What is ionic bonding?
This type of bonding occurs between metals and non metals. This is because the metals want to lose electrons and the non metals want to gain electrons.
Explain an example of ionic bonding.
The sodium gives an electron to chlorine. It does this so it has a full outer shell and becomes stable. This is now a sodium ion.
The chlorine gains an electron from the sodium. This means that it now has a full outer shell and is stable. This is now a chloride ion.
Why do we change the end of a non metal ion to ‘die’?
to show that it has bonded.
What happens to an atom that loses a negative electron?
it becomes positively charged
What happens to an atom that gains a negative electron?
it becomes negatively charged.
How do you draw an ion?
- draw a nucleus
- add number of protons and neutrons inside nucleus
- draw inner shell
- add electrons (not including any that have been lost)
- add a square bracket
- add a charge (2-, +3)
- add electronic configuration [2,8,8]+
Both sodium and lithium want to lose one electron. How will they react?
in a similar way
What is electrostatic attraction?
When ions have opposite charges they are attracted to each other. The attraction between the ions is called electrostatic attraction.
What happens to the electrostatic attraction if the charges get larger?
The electrostatic attraction gets stronger which meant the ions are harder to pull apart. This increases their melting and boiling points.
What happens if the electrons don’t balance?
When a metal and non metal want to bond, but they have different numbers of electrons to give and take we add atoms in order to allow all of them to become stable ions
e.g.
MgF2
Which has the highest melting /boiling point, NaCl or MgO?
Magnesium Oxide has oppositely charged ions that are 2+ and 2-. Sodium Chloride has oppositely charged ions that are 1+ and 1-. MgO therefore has stronger electrostatic attraction between the ions. This means that more energy is needed to break the MgO bonds. Therefore MgO has the higher melting/boiling point.
Are ionic bonds able to conduct electricity?
no - as the ions in a lattice are unable to move. However, the ions are able to move if the substance is molten or dissolved in water.
What does it mean if a substance is brittle?
It breaks when a force is applied because when a force is applied it causes the ions to move over each other and then repel.
Why do ionic bonds have high melting and boiling points?
The electrostatic attraction between the ions is very strong. Therefore it takes a lot of energy to pull them apart.
