Ionic Bonding Flashcards
compound
two or more elements chemically joined in fixed proportions
what do metals form?
positive ions by losing valence electrons
what do non-metals form?
negative ions by gaining valence electrons
what does ionic charge depend on?
electron configuration tends to fulfill octet rule
ionic bond
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
nomenclature of binary compounds
metal first non-metal second, ends in ide
when do you put roman numerals after metal?
if more than one ion possible
what does ending -ate imply?
oxygen present
ammonium ion
NH4 +
hydroxide ion
OH-
nitrate (V) ion
NO3-
hydrogen carbonate ion
HCO3-
carbonate ion
CO3 2-
sulfate (VI) ion
SO4 2-
phosphate ion
PO4 3-
what are ionic formulae?
empirical formulae
empirical formula
simplest ratio of ions
ionic compounds have low volatility
- lattice structure of strong attractions
- lots of energy required to overcome attractions
- very high melting point
ionic compounds do not conduct electricity as solids
- no delocalised electrons present
- all ions in a fixed lattice position
molten/aqueous compounds conduct electricity
ions are free to move
most ionic compounds are soluble in water
- water is polar
- ions are charged
- ions can separate from the lattice and are surrounded by water
- form new attractions
ionization
electrons transferred between atoms
What does an ionic bond form under normal conditions?
lattice structure
ionic lattice
predictable three-dimensional crystalline structure fixed arrangement of ions based on a repeating unit
coordination number
number of ions that surround a given ion in the lattice
How much can lattices grow?
indefinitely
lattice energy
measure of strength of attraction between ions within the lattice
volatility
tendency of a substance to vaporize
What needs to be the difference in electronegativities for ionic bonds to form?
1.8 units or more
bonding continuum
