Alkanes

Question 1

structural formula

Answer 1

representation of molecule showing how many atoms are bonded to each other

Question 2

full structural formula

Answer 2

shows every bond and atom

Question 3

condensed structural formula

Answer 3

often omits bonds where they are assumed and groups atoms together
minimum information required to describe molecule non-ambiguously

Question 4

stereochemical formula

Answer 4

show relative positions of atoms and groups around carbon in 3D

Question 5

How do you show bonds sticking forwards?

Answer 5

solid, enlarging wedge

Question 6

How do you show bonds sticking behind?

Answer 6

hashed line

Question 7

How do you show bonds in plane of paper?

Answer 7

solid lines

Question 8

1 carbon

Answer 8

meth

Question 9

2 carbons

Answer 9

eth

Question 10

3 carbons

Answer 10

prop

Question 11

4 carbons

Answer 11

but

Question 12

5 carbons

Answer 12

pent

Question 13

6 carbons

Answer 13

hex

Question 14

1 carbon in chain

Answer 14

methyl

Question 15

2 carbons in chain

Answer 15

ethyl

Question 16

3 carbons in chain

Answer 16

propyl

Question 17

4 carbons in chain

Answer 17

butyl

Question 18

5 carbons in chain

Answer 18

pentyl

Question 19

6 carbons in chain

Answer 19

hexyl

Question 20

what do you add to chain suffix?

Answer 20

prefix that shows how many chains there are in the molecule - di, tri, tetra

Question 21

How do you show where the carbon chains are attached?

Answer 21

number of carbon atom next to it so that numbers add up to smallest of all possibilities

Question 22

structural isomer

Answer 22

molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of the atoms

Question 23

As the size of the molecule increases, the number of isomers —

Answer 23

increases

Question 24

trend in melting and boiling points for group 17 and 18

Answer 24

melting/boiling points increase down group because as size of molecules increases so does van der Waals forces

Question 25

what is the general formula for halogenoalkanes?

Answer 25

CnH2n+1X (where X is halogen)

Question 26

What do halogenoalkanes contain?

Answer 26

atom of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine bonded to carbon skeleton of molecule

Question 27

Do halogenoalkanes have a polar bond?

Answer 27

yes so more reactive

Question 28

How do you write halogenoalkanes?

Answer 28

but chloro, bromo, etc. before methane, etc. if no branches with carbon atom number
put e.g. 2-chloropropane or 1-bromo-2-methylpropane